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{{Russia-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | {{Russia-sidebar}} | ||
{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] | | link1=[[Russia Genealogy|Russia]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
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{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px"| | | style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px" | | ||
|East | |East | ||
*Russian | |||
*Belorussian | *Russian | ||
*Ukrainian | *Belorussian | ||
|style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px"| | *Ukrainian | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px" | | |||
|West | |West | ||
*Polish | |||
*Czech | *Polish | ||
*Czech | |||
*Slovak | *Slovak | ||
|style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px"| | | style="vertical-align:top; padding-right:50px" | | ||
|South | |South | ||
*Bulgarian | |||
*Serbo-Croatian | *Bulgarian | ||
*Slovenian | *Serbo-Croatian | ||
*Macedonian | *Slovenian | ||
*Macedonian | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 47: | Line 51: | ||
Other helpful alphabet resources include: | Other helpful alphabet resources include: | ||
For helpful alphabet resources see | For helpful alphabet resources see | ||
*[http://www.russianforeveryone.com/RufeA/Lessons/Introduction/Alphabet/Alphabet.htm Russian Alphabet with Sounds] | *[http://www.russianforeveryone.com/RufeA/Lessons/Introduction/Alphabet/Alphabet.htm Russian Alphabet with Sounds] | ||
*[http://allbell.tripod.com/cursive/field.html Field Guide to Russian Letters] | *[http://allbell.tripod.com/cursive/field.html Field Guide to Russian Letters] | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="width:20%"|з | | style="width:20%" |з | ||
|style="width:60%"|changed to (in certain positions) | | style="width:60%" |changed to (in certain positions) | ||
|style="width:20%"|c | | style="width:20%" |c | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i | |i | ||
|changed to | |changed to | ||
|и | |и | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ъ | |ъ | ||
|no longer used at the end of masculine words | |no longer used at the end of masculine words | ||
|Ø | |Ø | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ѣ | |ѣ | ||
|changed to | |changed to | ||
|e | |e | ||
|- | |- | ||
|θ | |θ | ||
|changed to | |changed to | ||
|ф | |ф | ||
|- | |- | ||
|v | |v | ||
|changed to | |changed to | ||
|и | |и | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 91: | Line 96: | ||
Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the masculine form is given. | Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the masculine form is given. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|старый, старая, старое | |старый, старая, старое | ||
|(old) is listed only as старый | |(old) is listed only as старый | ||
|- | |- | ||
|глухой, глухая | |глухой, глухая | ||
|(deaf) is listed only as глухой | |(deaf) is listed only as глухой | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|отец—отцы | |отец—отцы | ||
|father—fathers | |father—fathers | ||
|- | |- | ||
|муж—мужья | |муж—мужья | ||
|husband—husbands | |husband—husbands | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жена—жены | |жена—жены | ||
|wife—wives | |wife—wives | ||
|- | |- | ||
|книга—книги | |книга—книги | ||
|book—books | |book—books | ||
|- | |- | ||
|место—местa | |место—местa | ||
|place—places | |place—places | ||
|- | |- | ||
|замечание—замечания | |замечание—замечания | ||
|remark—remarks | |remark—remarks | ||
|} | |} | ||
Again, usually in a dictionary the word is given in the singular, masculine form. | Again, usually in a dictionary the word is given in the singular, masculine form. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Noun | !Noun | ||
! Use | !Use | ||
! Translation | !Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|город | |город | ||
| | |это город | ||
|city | |this is the city | ||
|- | |- | ||
|города | |города | ||
|мер города | |мер города | ||
|mayor of the city | |mayor of the city | ||
|- | |- | ||
|городе | |городе | ||
|Я | |Я жил в городе | ||
|I lived in the city | |I lived in the city | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|сын | |сын | ||
| | |это сын | ||
|son | |this is the son | ||
|- | |- | ||
|сына | |сына | ||
|я крестил сына | |я крестил сына | ||
|I christened the son | |I christened the son | ||
|- | |- | ||
|сыну | |сыну | ||
|я дал сыну | |я дал сыну | ||
|I gave to the son | |I gave to the son | ||
|- | |- | ||
|сыном | |сыном | ||
|я ушёл с сыном | |я ушёл с сыном | ||
|I left with the son | |I left with the son | ||
| Line 173: | Line 178: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жена | |жена | ||
| | |это жена | ||
|wife | |this is the wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жены | |жены | ||
|дом жены | |дом жены | ||
|home of the wife | |home of the wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жену | |жену | ||
|я видел жену | |я видел жену | ||
|I saw the wife | |I saw the wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жене | |жене | ||
|я дал жене | |я дал жене | ||
|I gave to the wife | |I gave to the wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
|женой | |женой | ||
|я ушёл | |я ушёл c женой | ||
|I left with the wife | |I left with the wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жене | |жене | ||
|я думал о жене | |я думал о жене | ||
|I thought of the wife | |I thought of the wife | ||
|} | |} | ||
The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian. For a more in-depth discussion on Russian cases see [http://learningrussian.net/around_city_cases_grammar.php Grammar -- Russian Cases] (specifically for nouns, though other parts of speech change case depending on their usage as well). | The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian. For a more in-depth discussion on Russian cases see [http://learningrussian.net/around_city_cases_grammar.php Grammar -- Russian Cases] (specifically for nouns, though other parts of speech change case depending on their usage as well). | ||
| Line 207: | Line 212: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"|Present | ! colspan="2" |Present | ||
|- | |- | ||
|я живу | |я живу | ||
|I live | |I live | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ты живёшь | |ты живёшь | ||
|you live (informal) | |you live (informal) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|он/она/кто живёт | |он/она/кто живёт | ||
|he/she/who lives | |he/she/who lives | ||
|- | |- | ||
|мы живём | |мы живём | ||
|we live | |we live | ||
|- | |- | ||
|вы живёте | |вы живёте | ||
|you live (formal) | |you live (formal) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|они живут | |они живут | ||
|they live | |they live | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|Past | ! colspan="2" |Past | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жил | |жил | ||
|singular masculine | |singular masculine | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жила | |жила | ||
|singular feminine | |singular feminine | ||
|- | |- | ||
|жили | |жили | ||
|plural or you formal | |plural or you formal | ||
|} | |} | ||
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31. Yiddish (in Jewish Autonomous Oblast) | 31. Yiddish (in Jewish Autonomous Oblast) | ||
=== Related Content | ===Related Content=== | ||
*[[Germans from Russia Language and Languages|Germans from Russia Language and Languages]] | *[[Germans from Russia Language and Languages|Germans from Russia Language and Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Russia Language and Handwriting]] | |||
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | |||
[[Category:Russia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | |||