Australia Convict Records: Difference between revisions

Australia Convict Records (view source)

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 == Handbooks and Guides  ==
-Indexes and records of convicts are available in a variety of formats including microfiche, microfilm, book and CD. Some indexes and guides are available on the internet and generally provide information for further research in material in State Archives and libraries. See:
+Indexes and records of convicts are available in a variety of formats including microfiche, microfilm, book and CD. Some indexes and guides are available on the internet and generally provide information for further research in material in State Archives and libraries. See&nbsp;[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/index.html Convicts to Australia - A Guide to Researching your Convict Ancestors]. <br> The punishment of "transportation" for a crime tried in London by the Old Bailey Court resulted in exile to Australia after the American Revolutionary War. The website below is searchable by several categories including by name for the punishment of Transportation:<br>[http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/luceneweb/hri3/hitlist_bailey.jsp?mode=bailey&table=cvp&ot=&os=&vt=&vs=&ps=cat_pt+=+12&c_date=&v_sur=&vg=&d_sur=&dg=&min_age=&max_age=&min_month=00&min_year=&max_month=13&max_year=&sf= Proceedings of the Old Bailey 1674-1834]
-*[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/index.html Convicts to Australia - A Guide to Researching your Convict Ancestors]
+A partial index of convicts arriving in Australia is available at&nbsp;[http://www.claimaconvict.net/ Claim a Convict].<br>
-Ships that transported convicts: Ships of the First Fleet
+== Types of Convict Records  ==
-Convicts from Ireland: Ireland-Australia Transportation Records, 1791-1853
+=== Tickets of leave  ===
-The punishment of "transportation" for a crime tried in London by the Old Bailey Court resulted in exile to Australia after the American Revolutionary War. The website below is searchable by several categories including by name for the punishment of Transportation:<br>[http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/luceneweb/hri3/hitlist_bailey.jsp?mode=bailey&table=cvp&ot=&os=&vt=&vs=&ps=cat_pt+=+12&c_date=&v_sur=&vg=&d_sur=&dg=&min_age=&max_age=&min_month=00&min_year=&max_month=13&max_year=&sf= Proceedings of the Old Bailey 1674-1834]
+Issued to convicts having served about half of their sentences with good behavior. These tickets allowed convicts to seek employment as they wished, limited their movement to a certain district for the remainder of their sentences. Prior to 1828, bench magistrates granted tickets of leave and approved applications for convicts to marry. The actual ticket of leave was issued to the convict; the government retained the ticket of leave butts. Ticket of leave butts listed the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.
-A partial index of convicts arriving in Australia is available at:
+=== Certificates of Freedom  ===
-*[http://users.bigpond.net.au/convicts/page2.html Claim a Convict.]
+A document stating that a convict's sentence had been served and was usually given to convicts with a 7, 10 or 14 year sentence or when they received a pardon. Convicts with a life sentence could receive a Pardon, but not a Certificate of Freedom. The Certificate of Freedom number was sometimes annotated on the indent or noted on a Ticket of Leave Butt. Colonial [http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/searchform.aspx?id=19 A Certificate of Freedom] relate to sentences received for offences committed after arrival in the colony. The government retained certificates of freedom butts, which were similar to ticket of leave butts.
-<br>
+=== Pardons  ===
-'''Tickets of leave''' were issued to convicts having served about half of their sentences with good behavior. These tickets allowed convicts to seek employment as they wished, limited their movement to a certain district for the remainder of their sentences. Prior to 1828, bench magistrates granted tickets of leave and approved applications for convicts to marry. The actual ticket of leave was issued to the convict; the government retained the ticket of leave butts. Ticket of leave butts listed the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.
+Both conditional and absolute, were generally granted to convicts with life sentences. Conditional pardons required that the ex-convict never return to the British Isles or his or her pardon would be void. Absolute pardons allowed an ex-convict to return to the British Isles if he or she wished. Pardons contain information similar to tickets of leave.
-[http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/indexes/searchform.aspx?id=19 '''A Certificate of Freedom'''] was a document stating that a convict's sentence had been served and was usually given to convicts with a 7, 10 or 14 year sentence or when they received a pardon. Convicts with a life sentence could receive a Pardon, but not a Certificate of Freedom. The Certificate of Freedom number was sometimes annotated on the indent or noted on a Ticket of Leave Butt. Colonial Certificates of Freedom relate to sentences received for offences committed after arrival in the colony. The government retained certificates of freedom butts, which were similar to ticket of leave butts.
+=== Convict indents  ===
-'''Pardons''', both conditional and absolute, were generally granted to convicts with life sentences. Conditional pardons required that the ex-convict never return to the British Isles or his or her pardon would be void. Absolute pardons allowed an ex-convict to return to the British Isles if he or she wished. Pardons contain information similar to tickets of leave.
+Lists that were made when convicts arrived on transport ships. Information given in indents is similar to that in tickets of leave but also includes a convict’s marital status and number of children and whether the convict was literate.
-'''Convict indents''' are lists that were made when convicts arrived on transport ships. Information given in indents is similar to that in tickets of leave but also includes a convict’s marital status and number of children and whether the convict was literate. An index to convict indents for 1788–1842 is held by the Archives Office of New South Wales.
+*'''New South Wales''' index to convict indents for 1788–1842 is held by the [http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/indexes-online/indexes-online#convicts Archives Office of New South Wales]. <br>
+*'''Tasmania''' received more than 60,000 convicts from Great Britain in addition to convicts from other colonies. The ticket of leave butts and certificate of freedom butts for the over 67,000 convicts sent to Tasmania have not survived. The main records for Tasmanian convicts are the convict conduct registers. Information contained in these registers are similar to the tickets of leave and certificates of freedom. Description lists are also available for Tasmanian convicts and give detailed descriptions of the convicts. See [http://portal.archives.tas.gov.au/menu.aspx?search=5 Index to convict applications for permission to marry 1829-1857].<br>
+*'''Western Australia'''[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/con-wa.html Swan River Convicts 1850-1868]
+*'''South Australia''' never received convicts. See [http://www.jaunay.com/convicts.html South Australian transported convicts 1837-1851].
+*'''Victoria and Queensland''' did not become separate, self-governing colonies until after convict transportation to eastern Australia ceased. Thus, these areas do not have convict records. Technically, during the transportation era, no convicts were transported to the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, however convicts did find their way to the District. Please observe the copyright requirements for the following site: [http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/PROVguides/PROVguide057/PROVguide057.jsp PRO Victoria - Convict Records]
-'''Tasmania''' received more than 60,000 convicts from Great Britain in addition to convicts from other colonies. Western Australia received approximately 10,000 transported convicts between 1850 and 1868. South Australia never received convicts. However, [http://www.jaunay.com/convicts.html South Australian transported convicts 1837-1851]
+<br>
-The ticket of leave butts and certificate of freedom butts for the over 67,000 convicts sent to Tasmania have not survived. The main records for Tasmanian convicts are the convict conduct registers. Information contained in these registers are similar to the tickets of leave and certificates of freedom. Description lists are also available for Tasmanian convicts and give detailed descriptions of the convicts.
-*[http://portal.archives.tas.gov.au/menu.aspx?search=5 Index to convict applications for permission to marry 1829-1857] - Tasmania
-'''Victoria and Queensland''' did not become separate, self-governing colonies until after convict transportation to eastern Australia ceased. Thus, these areas do not have convict records. Technically, during the transportation era, no convicts were transported to the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, however convicts did find their way to the District. Please observe the copyright requirements for the following site: [http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/public/PROVguides/PROVguide057/PROVguide057.jsp PRO Victoria - Convict Records]
-'''Western Australia Convicts:'''[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/con-wa.html Swan River Convicts 1850-1868]
 The Family History Library has copies of the following:<br>''Guide to the convict records in the Archives Office of New South Wales''. Sydney, Australia: The Archives Authority, 1970. (Family History Library Call No. [http://webview/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=152914&disp=Guide+to+the+convict+records+in+the+Arch&columns=*,180,0 994.4 A35g]No. 14 or on Microfilm No. [http://webview/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlefilmnotes&columns=*,180,0&titleno=152914&disp=Guide+to+the+convict+records+in+the+Arch++ 908277 Item 1].)