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Tonga History: Difference between revisions
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=== Historical | === Historical Timeline === | ||
'''500 '''The islands are settled by ''Polynesians''.<br>'''1400 '''A hereditary Tongan monarchy rules over ''Tonga, Samoa, Niue, Fiji'', and others.<br>'''1470 '''The Tui Tonga becomes more of a sacred ruler and creates the Hau office. The Hau rules in governmental affairs, and is called the Ha`atakaluaua Dynasty.<br>'''1616''' Dutch navigators Schouten and Lemaire visit Tonga.<br>'''1773''' | '''500 '''The islands are settled by ''Polynesians''.<br> | ||
'''1400 '''A hereditary Tongan monarchy rules over ''Tonga, Samoa, Niue, Fiji'', and others.<br> | |||
'''1470 '''The Tui Tonga becomes more of a sacred ruler and creates the Hau office. The Hau rules in governmental affairs, and is called the Ha`atakaluaua Dynasty.<br> | |||
'''1616''' Dutch navigators Schouten and Lemaire visit Tonga.<br> | |||
'''1773''' British Captain James Cook visits. He names Tonga the Friendly Islands. | |||
'''1774 '''British Captain James Cook's second visit to Tonga. | '''1774 '''British Captain James Cook's second visit to Tonga. | ||
'''1777''' British Captain James Cook's third and last visit to Tonga. | '''1777''' British Captain James Cook's third and last visit to Tonga. Meets Finau 'Ulukalala son of Tuituiohu, the first of the line of the chiefs of Vava'u Meets Tu'i Tonga Bau, Tu'i Ha'atakalaua Maealiuaki and Tu'i Kanokupolu Tu'ihalafatai. | ||
'''1781''' Spanish navigator Maurelle finds Vava'u. | '''1781''' Spanish navigator Maurelle finds Vava'u. Meets Tu'i Tonga Bau. | ||
'''1787''' French Captain La Perouse visits Vava'u and Tongatapu. | '''1787''' French Captain La Perouse visits Vava'u and Tongatapu. | ||
'''1789''' British Captain William Bligh of "Mutiny of the Bounty" fame floats in rowboat to Tofua.<br>'''1790''' Civil war breaks out and continues through the 1820s. | '''1789''' British Captain William Bligh of "Mutiny of the Bounty" fame floats in rowboat to Tofua.<br> | ||
'''1790''' Civil war breaks out and continues through the 1820s. | |||
'''1791 '''British Captain Edwards visits Tonga searching for the ship "Bounty" | '''1791 '''British Captain Edwards visits Tonga searching for the ship "Bounty" | ||
'''1793''' French Captains D'Entrecasteaux and Labillardiere come to Tonga searching for Captain La Perouse who dissappeared in 1788 after arriving in Australia.<br>'''1797''' | '''1793''' French Captains D'Entrecasteaux and Labillardiere come to Tonga searching for Captain La Perouse who dissappeared in 1788 after arriving in Australia.<br> | ||
'''1797'''British Captain Wilson on the ship "Duff" brings London Society missionaries from England.<br> | |||
'''1800''' Another dynasty is formed. The high chiefs live on Tongatapu, so it is known as the Land of Chiefs, and the other islands are called the Land of Servants.<br> | |||
'''1826''' A Wesleyan Mission is established.<br> | |||
'''1831''' Taufa`ahau is converted to Christianity, chooses the name George after the King of England, and wins a struggle against the Tui Tonga. He is known as King George Tupou I. He rules Ha'apai | |||
'''1833''' King George Tupou I gains Vava'u under his rule. | '''1833''' King George Tupou I gains Vava'u under his rule. | ||
'''1839''' The Wesleyans help King George Tupou I write a code of laws.<br>'''1845''' He proclaims himself King George Tupou I. | '''1839''' The Wesleyans help King George Tupou I write a code of laws.<br> | ||
'''1845''' He proclaims himself King George Tupou I.<br> | |||
'''1852 '''King George Tupou I, after many wars, gains Tongatapu. The Tongan Islands are all united.<br> | |||
'''1862''' Serfdom is abolished. Foreigners may lease land. | |||
'''1864''' German Migration to Tonga begins from Pyritz, Pommern, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany | '''1864''' German Migration to Tonga begins from Pyritz, Pommern, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany | ||
'''1867''' Tongan palace built by German firm J. C. Godeffroy | '''1867''' Tongan palace built by German firm J. C. Godeffroy Sohn<br> | ||
'''1875'''Tongan constitution is formed. | |||
'''1876''' Tonga and Germany enter into a treaty of friendship | '''1876''' Tonga and Germany enter into a treaty of friendship | ||
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'''1880''' Crown Prince's body, Tevita 'Unga, brought back to Tonga from New Zealand on German navy frigate Nautilus. Mr. Shirley Baker is chosen by King George Tupou I to be Prime Minister. | '''1880''' Crown Prince's body, Tevita 'Unga, brought back to Tonga from New Zealand on German navy frigate Nautilus. Mr. Shirley Baker is chosen by King George Tupou I to be Prime Minister. | ||
'''1886''' Tonga and United States of America enter into a treaty of friendship<br> | '''1886''' Tonga and United States of America enter into a treaty of friendship<br> | ||
'''1893''' King George Tupou II reigns | '''1893''' King George Tupou II reigns<br> | ||
'''1897''' A written Tongan based on the Latin alphabet is established. The alphabet includes 16 letters, plus a glottal stop, for which an apostrophe is used. All words end with a vowel sound.<br> | |||
'''1900''' With agreement between Germany, Britain, and United States, Tonga becomes a British protectorate. | |||
'''1914''' World War I [WWI] Tonga declares neutrality | '''1914''' World War I [WWI] Tonga declares neutrality | ||
'''1916 '''Tonga forced by Britian declares all German citizens as enemy aliens<br>'''1918''' Queen SaloteTupou III begins her reign. | '''1916 '''Tonga forced by Britian declares all German citizens as enemy aliens<br> | ||
'''1918''' Queen SaloteTupou III begins her reign. | |||
'''1942''' World War II [WWII] German evacuees from Tonga interred in New Zealand<br>'''1952''' Liahona High school opens in Tonga tapu. | '''1942''' World War II [WWII] German evacuees from Tonga interred in New Zealand<br> | ||
'''1952''' Liahona High school opens in Tonga tapu. | |||
'''1958''' Tonga and Britain treaty of friendship revised.<br>'''1965''' Death of Queen Salote, whose reign was marked with great progress in education and other progress for the entire population.<br>'''1968''' Her son, King Taufa`ahau Tupou IV begins his reign | '''1958''' Tonga and Britain treaty of friendship revised.<br> | ||
'''1965''' Death of Queen Salote, whose reign was marked with great progress in education and other progress for the entire population.<br> | |||
'''1968''' Her son, King Taufa`ahau Tupou IV begins his reign. <br> | |||
'''1970''' The British protectorate is dissolved. Tongan full sovereignty is restored. <br> | |||
'''1977''' 100 year ratification of Tonga and Germany treaty of friendship. New treaty signed.<br> | |||
'''1986''' Tonga and United States treaty of friendship ratified.<br> | |||
'''1990''' Dissatisfaction with corruption in high places brings unexpected victories to the Tongan Pro-Democracy party, which represents the interest of the “commoners” who believe the “nobles” are taking unfair advantage of their lifetime positions in parliament. <br> | |||
'''1986''' Tonga and United States treaty of friendship ratified.<br>'''1990''' Dissatisfaction with corruption in high places brings unexpected victories to the Tongan Pro-Democracy party, which represents the interest of the “commoners” who believe the “nobles” are taking unfair advantage of their lifetime positions in parliament. <br> | |||
That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji. Sinaitakala Illangi Leka was the daughter of Uluakimata the 1st, also known as Tele'a, and his Ma'itaki wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku. Uluakimata the 1st was the 29th Tui Tonga [King] reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref> | That the marriage of Sinaitakala Ilangi Leka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine of Tongatapu, to the Fijian chief, Tapu'osi from the village of Vasivasi, Fiji ''shifted'' the political alliance from Samoa to Fiji. Sinaitakala Illangi Leka was the daughter of Uluakimata the 1st, also known as Tele'a, and his Ma'itaki wife [premier wife], Mataukipa, daughter of Kau'ulufonua Hua, Chief of Mataliku. Uluakimata the 1st was the 29th Tui Tonga [King] reigned in Tonga as King and is calculated to have started his reign about 1561.<ref>Gifford, Edward Winslow. Tongan Society, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin 61, Bayard Dominick Expedition, Publication Number 16, Honolulu, Hawaii, Published by the Museum 1929, Kraus Reprint Co., New York, 1971.</ref> | ||