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Germans from Russia History: Difference between revisions
Germans from Russia History (view source)
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As Imperial Russia expanded, a great need developed for capable and industrious workers, especially farmers, to settle these new and often unsafe lands. Many Germans, eager to improve their positions in life, began to colonize in Russia. As their colonies grew, the Germans developed more land and established "daughter colonies." Many of these Russian Germans later emigrated to the United States, Canada, and South America. Below are some key dates and events in the history of Germans from Russia: | As Imperial Russia expanded, a great need developed for capable and industrious workers, especially farmers, to settle these new and often unsafe lands. Many Germans, eager to improve their positions in life, began to colonize in Russia. As their colonies grew, the Germans developed more land and established "daughter colonies." Many of these Russian Germans later emigrated to the United States, Canada, and South America. Below are some key dates and events in the history of Germans from Russia: | ||
1762 Catherine the Great issues first manifesto inviting foreigners to settle in Russia. No response. | '''1762''' Catherine the Great issues first manifesto inviting foreigners to settle in Russia. No response. | ||
1763 Catherine the Great issues second manifesto inviting foreigners to settle in Russia. This time it attracts thousands of colonists from Germany, largely because of the following incentives. | '''1763''' Catherine the Great issues second manifesto inviting foreigners to settle in Russia. This time it attracts thousands of colonists from Germany, largely because of the following incentives. | ||
*Free transportation to Russia | *Free transportation to Russia | ||
*Large tracts of free land, plenty of water, free timber | *Large tracts of free land, plenty of water, free timber | ||
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*Local self-government in colonies | *Local self-government in colonies | ||
1764-1768 German colonies are founded along the Volga River. Isolated colonies are founded in the Ukraine (including Belovesh) and around St. Petersburg. | '''1764-1768''' German colonies are founded along the Volga River. Isolated colonies are founded in the Ukraine (including Belovesh) and around St. Petersburg. | ||
1786 The first Black Sea colony, Alt Danzig, is founded. | '''1786''' The first Black Sea colony, Alt Danzig, is founded. | ||
1789-1790 German Mennonite colonies are founded in the Khortitsa district in the south Russian province of Tavrida. | '''1789-1790''' German Mennonite colonies are founded in the Khortitsa district in the south Russian province of Tavrida. | ||
1804 Czar Alexander I invites colonists to settle in the Black Sea region of South Russia. | '''1804''' Czar Alexander I invites colonists to settle in the Black Sea region of South Russia. | ||
1804-1810 German colonies are founded in the Black Sea region. Colonies are established in the Odessa and Beresan districts of Kherson province, in the Molotschna district in Tavrida, and in the Crimea. | '''1804-1810''' German colonies are founded in the Black Sea region. Colonies are established in the Odessa and Beresan districts of Kherson province, in the Molotschna district in Tavrida, and in the Crimea. | ||
1813 Alexander I invites colonists to settle in Bessarabia province. (This was territory acquired from Turkey in 1812.) | '''1813''' Alexander I invites colonists to settle in Bessarabia province. (This was territory acquired from Turkey in 1812.) | ||
1814-1834 German colonies are founded in Bessarabia. | '''1814-1834''' German colonies are founded in Bessarabia. | ||
1816 Two German colonies are founded in eastern Volhynia near Novograd-Volynskiy. | '''1816''' Two German colonies are founded in eastern Volhynia near Novograd-Volynskiy. | ||
1817-1818 German colonies are founded in the North Caucasus (also called Trans-Caucasia) and South Caucasus. | '''1817-1818''' German colonies are founded in the North Caucasus (also called Trans-Caucasia) and South Caucasus. | ||
1822-1832 German colonies founded in the Molotschna area of eastern Ukraine near Berdyansk on the Black Sea and in the Mariupol district (also called Planer or Grunau district). | '''1822-1832''' German colonies founded in the Molotschna area of eastern Ukraine near Berdyansk on the Black Sea and in the Mariupol district (also called Planer or Grunau district). | ||
1831-1832 Germans from Russian Poland settle in western Volhynia near Lutsk and Rovno. | '''1831-1832''' Germans from Russian Poland settle in western Volhynia near Lutsk and Rovno. | ||
1849 A group of German colonists from the Beresan district emigrates to Ohio. | '''1849''' A group of German colonists from the Beresan district emigrates to Ohio. | ||
1854-1859 German Mennonite colonies founded near Samara on the Volga river. | '''1854-1859''' German Mennonite colonies founded near Samara on the Volga river. | ||
1861 Russian serfs are emancipated. | '''1861''' Russian serfs are emancipated. | ||
1860-1875 Germans settle in the Volhynia in large numbers. They are encouraged by Russian noblemen needing peasants to farm their lands. But they do not enjoy the favored status offered to earlier German colonists. | '''1860-1875''' Germans settle in the Volhynia in large numbers. They are encouraged by Russian noblemen needing peasants to farm their lands. But they do not enjoy the favored status offered to earlier German colonists. | ||
1871 The Imperial Russian government repeals the manifestos of Catherine the Great and Alexander I. The German colonists were to lose their special status and privileges and become subject to Russian military service after a ten-year grace period. | '''1871''' The Imperial Russian government repeals the manifestos of Catherine the Great and Alexander I. The German colonists were to lose their special status and privileges and become subject to Russian military service after a ten-year grace period. | ||
1872-1873 Several groups emigrate from the Odessa area to Nebraska and the Dakotas. Scouts from other Black Sea colonies and the Volga colonies investigate opportunities in America. | '''1872-1873''' Several groups emigrate from the Odessa area to Nebraska and the Dakotas. Scouts from other Black Sea colonies and the Volga colonies investigate opportunities in America. | ||
1874 The Imperial Russian government amends the 187l decree and institutes compulsory military conscription of German colonists immediately. | '''1874''' The Imperial Russian government amends the 187l decree and institutes compulsory military conscription of German colonists immediately. | ||
1874-1914 Thousands of German colonists emigrate from Russia to North and South America. | '''1874-1914''' Thousands of German colonists emigrate from Russia to North and South America. | ||
1914 The First World War begins. | '''1914''' The First World War begins. | ||
1917 Political unrest in Russia leads to two revolutions and the beginning of Soviet communist rule. | '''1917''' Political unrest in Russia leads to two revolutions and the beginning of Soviet communist rule. | ||
1919 The United States government enacts strict immigration laws which greatly slow the tide of immigrants. Canada continues to receive German immigrants from Russia. | '''1919''' The United States government enacts strict immigration laws which greatly slow the tide of immigrants. Canada continues to receive German immigrants from Russia. | ||
1920-1923 Famine in Russia. Over l50 thousand Volga Germans die of starvation. | '''1920-1923''' Famine in Russia. Over l50 thousand Volga Germans die of starvation. | ||
1928-1940 German farms and property are confiscated by the state and Germans are forced onto collective farms. | '''1928-1940''' German farms and property are confiscated by the state and Germans are forced onto collective farms. | ||
1939-1945 The Second World War. Germany is at war with the Soviet Union. Germans are persecuted and many are moved to Siberia and the central Asian republics. Many who have the opportunity flee to Germany. | '''1939-1945''' The Second World War. Germany is at war with the Soviet Union. Germans are persecuted and many are moved to Siberia and the central Asian republics. Many who have the opportunity flee to Germany. | ||
1991 The communist party falls from power and the Soviet Union breaks up into independent states. | '''1991''' The communist party falls from power and the Soviet Union breaks up into independent states. | ||
1992-1996 Many Russian Germans emigrate to recently unified Germany where they were offered citizenship. | '''1992-1996''' Many Russian Germans emigrate to recently unified Germany where they were offered citizenship. | ||
== Local Histories == | == Local Histories == | ||