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=== History === | === History === | ||
The explorer De Soto was the first to encounter the Cheroke in | The Spanish explorer De Soto was the first to encounter the Cheroke in the1540's. | ||
During the French and India War and the Revolutionary War the tribe supported the British. | During the French and India War and the Revolutionary War the tribe supported the British. | ||
By 1820 group that had tired of the encroachment | By 1820 a group that had tired of the encroachment migrated to the Indian Territory which is now Arkansas. | ||
Sequoya (George Grist) a mixed blood, developed the Cherokee alphabet, helping to make the tribe a literate people. | Sequoya (George Grist) a mixed blood, developed the Cherokee alphabet, helping to make the tribe a literate people. | ||
Gold was discovered in their Nation, this became a | Gold was discovered in their Nation, this became a catalist for removal. With the signing of theTreaty of New Echota, December 29, 1835 the tribe sold their remaining land and greed to move west of the Mississippi. | ||
The removal occured in the winter of 1838-1839, this became known as the "Trail of Tears", with a loss of one-fourth of their tribe. They joined an earlier group known as "old settlers" who had been in Arkansas. Another group that had been in Mexico (Texas) was forced by government troops to move, they went to the mountains | The removal occured in the winter of 1838-1839, with a 800 mile journy, this became known as the "Trail of Tears", with a loss of one-fourth of their tribe. They joined an earlier group known as "old settlers" who had been in Arkansas. Another group that had been in Mexico (Texas) was forced by government troops to move, they went to the mountains of North Carolin where in 1842, they obtained permision to stay. They are part of the Eastern Band of Cherokee. | ||
The Cherokee were slave owners, and and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. | |||
In 1870 some Delaware and Shawnee from Kansas were admitted to the tribe. | |||
There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee, and [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]] | |||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
*'''1689-1763:''' French and Indian War, the Cherokee supported the English | *'''1689-1763:''' French and Indian War, the Cherokee supported the English | ||
*'''1736:''' Jesuit Mission was founded | *'''1736:''' Jesuit Mission was founded | ||
*'''1738-1750:''' Smallpox epidemics | *'''1738-1750:''' Smallpox epidemics | ||
*'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British | *'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British | ||
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*'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | *'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | ||
*'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota | *'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota | ||
*''' | *''''''1838''': '''First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died | ||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
Qualla Reservation for Eastern Cherokees, in Swain and Jackson Counties North Carolina | |||
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands ==== | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands ==== | ||