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Dutch Genealogical Word List (view source)
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In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan. | In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan. | ||
t is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [[Low German Language in German Research|Low German]]. Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same. You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|lower Rhine]] area or about [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland|spelling variations]] there. | |||
== Key Words == | == Key Words == | ||
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== Spelling and Grammar == | |||
=== Grammar === | |||
In Dutch, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the standard form of each Dutch word. As you read Dutch records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage. | |||
The prefix '''''t''''' is equal to the Dutch word het, which means the. The prefix ''s-'' is a part of many place-names and means ''des ''(of the). All prefixes are disregarded in alphabetized lists, except in Flemish records. | |||
The endings of words in a document may differ from what you find in this list. For example, the document may use the word ''jonger'', but you will find it in this word list as ''jong''. In addition, the suffixes ''-je, -tje,-tien'', or -''ke ''are often added to words to indicate "little." These suffixes can also indicate the feminine version of a name. Therefore, the word ''zoontje ''means "little" or "young (tje) son (zoon)." The ending -''sdr ''means "daughter of." | |||
Plural forms of Dutch words usually add -''en ''or -''s ''to the singular word. Thus ''boer'' (farmer) becomes ''boeren'' (farmers), and ''tafel'' (table or index) becomes ''tafels'' (tables or indexes). Rarely, -''eren'' is added to form the plural. Examples: ''blad'' becomes ''bladeren'' (leaves [of a tree]), ''kind'' becomes ''kinderen'' (children). | |||
In Dutch, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, ''geboortedag'' is a combination of two words, ''geboorte ''(birth) and ''dag'' (day). | |||
===Alphabet=== | |||
IJ is equivalent to a Y. If a word whose first letter is to be capitalized starts with IJ, then both must be capitalized. Usually words beginning with IJ are alphabetized under Y, but not always. | |||
When the Dutch alphabetize names of places or surnames, prefixes such as ''van der, de, ''or ''ter ''are not considered in the alphabetization. | |||
'''Example:''' | |||
ten '''B'''rock | |||
van der '''G'''raf | |||
's-'''G'''ravenhage | |||
van '''H'''ijden | |||
de '''J'''ong | |||
van '''L'''eeuwen | |||
ter '''P'''elkwijk | |||
van '''IJ'''lst | |||
't '''Z'''andt | |||
===Spelling=== | |||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. | |||
y, i, ij and j can all be interchanged for each other. Note that technically the letter y did not traditionally exist in Dutch. | |||
g used for ch | |||
d, dt and t can all be interchanged for each other. | |||
j and i used interchangeably | |||
s and z used interchangeably | |||
sch used for ss | |||
vowels (a,e,o,i,u) being repeated, and vice-versa | |||
Abbreviations being used such as 't for het, 's for des. | |||
Example: | |||
echt spelled as egt | |||
overlijden spelled as overlyden | |||
Arie spelled as Arij | |||
Marietje spelled as Marietie | |||
gekomen spelled as gekoomen | |||
zondag spelled as sondag | |||
Tussenbroek spelled as Tusschenbroek | |||
===Additional Resources=== | |||
For further help, use a Dutch-English dictionary. Several Dutch-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.31321. | |||
The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers: | |||
''Dutch-English, English-Dutch Van Goor Dictionary''. 's-Gravenhage: G. B. Van Goor, 1938. (FHL film 1183584 item 2.) | |||
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject search of the FamilySearch Catalog under DUTCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Place search under NETHERLANDS - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include dictionaries of various dialects and time periods. | |||
On the following Internet address [http://gtb.inl.nl/ Integrated Language Bank] you can find: a modern Dutch dictionary, old, early Middle Ages and later Middle Ages Dutch dictionaries and a Frisian dictionary. | |||
The [[Image:German Gothic Handwriting Guide.pdf|Gothic Handwriting Guide|link=https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/File:German_Gothic_Handwriting_Guide.pdf]]includes an example of the German (Gothic) alphabet in print and handwriting. Also go to [[Germany Handwriting]]. | |||
''See the 3 FamilySearch Tutorials on ''[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22Netherlands%22 ''"Reading Dutch Written Records" ''] | |||
''Cassell’s English–Dutch Dutch–English Dictionary.'' 36th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1981. (FHL book 439.31321 Ca272.) | |||
Stierp–Impink, A. C. ''Practisijns Woordenboekje, of Verzameling van Meest alle de Woorden in de Rechtskunde Gebruikelijk (Lawyer’s Dictionary, or List of Most Words Used in Legal Documents).'' Alkmaar: A. C. Stierp–Impink, 1985. (FHL book 949.2 P26s.) This legal dictionary, originally created in 1785, identifies words found in court, land, notarial, and guardianship records. | |||
Verdam, J. ''Middelnederlandsch Handwoordenboek (Middle Dutch Dictionary).'' ’s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964. (FHL book 439.317 V582m; film 1045404 item 2.) This dictionary will help with most archaic words found in documents before 1811. | |||
Additional language aids, including dictionaries of various dialects and time periods, are listed in the Place search of the FamilySearch Catalog under: | |||
NETHERLANDS – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES | |||
NETHERLANDS, [PROVINCE] – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES | |||
or in the "Subject Search" under: | |||
DUTCH LANGUAGE – DICTIONARIES | |||
== Alphabetical Wordlist == | == Alphabetical Wordlist == | ||