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Finnish Language Characteristics (view source)
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=== Word endings === | === Word endings === | ||
Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples. | Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples. | ||
=== Spelling Changes === | === Spelling Changes === | ||
When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples: | When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|vowel+t to vowel+d || iti to idin | |vowel+t to vowel+d || iti to idin | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Tables == | |||
=== Possessive Endings === | |||
Possessive and Ending Meaning Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house) Translation minun, -ni my talo » minun talonitalo » minun talossani house » my househouse » in my house sinun-, si your (singular) talo » sinun talositalo » sinun talossasi house » your househouse » in your house hänen, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n his, her talo » hänen talonsatalo » hänen talossansatalo » hänen talossaan house » his (her) househouse » in his (her) househouse » in his (her) house meidän -mme our talo » meidän talommetalo » meidän talossamme house » our househouse » in our house teidän, -nne your (plural) talo » teidän talonnetalo » teidän talossanne house » your househouse » in your house heidän, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n their talo » heidän talonsa talo » heidän talossansatalo » heidän talossaan house » their househouse » in their househouse » in their house | |||
=== Prepositional Endings on Nouns === | |||
Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -a, -ä, -ta, -t of, some suku » sukua family » of a family -in by means of, with oma käsi » omin ksin one’s own hands » with one’s own hands -ine + a possessive ending (see Table 1) together with lapsi » lapsinensa or lapsineen child » together with his (her or their) children -ksi changed into, become vaimo » otti vaimoksi wife » took for a wife or became a wife -lla, -llä at, by, in Tampere » Tampereella Tampere » in (at) Tampere -lle to Tampere » Tampereelle Tampere » to Tampere -lta, -ltä from Tampere » Tampereelta Tampere » from Tampere -n of talo » talon väki house » people of the house -na, -nä as lapsi » lapsena child » as a child -ssa, -ssä in Helsinki » Helsingissä Helsinki » in Helsinki double vowel + n into Helsinki » Helsinkiin Helsinki » into Helsinki -sta, -stä from Helsinki » Helsingistä Helsinki » from Helsinki | |||
=== Other Word Endings === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Ending !! Basic Meaning !! Example !! Translation | |||
|- | |||
| -t || forms a plural || talo » talot || house » houses | |||
|- | |||
| -ko, -k || indicates a question || Helsingissä » Helsingissäkö || in Helsinki » in Helsinki? | |||
|- | |||
| -ton || without, -less, un- || lapsi » lapseton || child » childless | |||
|- | |||
| -tta, -ttä || (on verbs) without || nähdä » näkemätt || to see » without seeing | |||
|- | |||
| -n, -t || shows a direct object || talo » näen talon / talo » näen talot || house » I see the house / house » I see the houses | |||
|} | |||
Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have) | |||
<br> | |||
Example Translation | |||
Anna » Annalla on Anna » Anna has Anna Toivonen » Anna Toivosella oli Anna Toivonen » Anna Toivonen had minä » minulla on ollut I » I have had sinä » sinulla oli you (singular) » you had hän » hänellä oli he/she » he/she had me » meillä ei ole ollut we » we have not had te » teillä on you (plural) » you have he » heillä ei ole they » they do not have | |||
== References == | == References == | ||