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''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Assiniboin Indians'' | ''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Assiniboin Indians'' | ||
'''Alternate Names:''' Assiniboin, Assiniboine | '''Alternate Names:''' Assiniboin, Assiniboine | ||
{{infobox ethnic group | {{infobox ethnic group | ||
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|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': Great Lakes area<br> | |popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': Great Lakes area<br> | ||
'''Descendants''':<br> | '''Descendants''':<br> | ||
[[Fort Peck Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Peck Reservation]] in Montana | [[Fort Peck Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Peck Reservation]] in Montana<br>Fort Belknap Indian Reservation|Fort Belknap Reservation in Montana<br>Some also reside in Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada | ||
|status = Federally recognized | |status = Federally recognized | ||
|linguistic = Siouan | |linguistic = Siouan | ||
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}} | }} | ||
== History == | === History === | ||
Originally part of the Yanktonai Dakota (Nakota) Indians, they separated in the early 1700's and settled in the area between the Saskatchewan and Missouri Rivers. In 1780 their population was estimated at 10,000. | Originally part of the Yanktonai Dakota (Nakota) Indians, they separated in the early 1700's and settled in the area between the Saskatchewan and Missouri Rivers. In 1780 their population was estimated at 10,000. | ||
Inter-tribal warfare forced the Assiniboin to migrate from Great Lakes to Minnesota, where the tribe came in contact with non-Indians in the 1800s. They migrated during the 1830s to "Montana," where Fort Union was built by the American Fur Company. | |||
A smallpox epidemic de-populated the tribe by 4,000 in 1836. | A smallpox epidemic de-populated the tribe by 4,000 in 1836. | ||
The mid 1840-1850's emigrants were traveling west across the country in | The mid 1840-1850's emigrants were traveling west across the country in pursuit of silver, gold and land. In 1851 the tribe signed a treaty agreeing not to attack those traveling on the Oregon Trail, and tribe was assigned land in western Montana. | ||
In 1870s the tribe settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with | In 1870s the tribe settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with Grosventre Tribe) and Fort Peck Reservation (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with Sioux, Cree and Chippewa). Reservation living was difficult at best. | ||
The logistics of providing food for the tribes was not efficient. When supplies failed to arrive, disappointed and hungry leaders sometimes confronted the government and military officials, which sometimes developed into warfare. | The logistics of providing food for the tribes was not efficient. When supplies failed to arrive, disappointed and hungry leaders sometimes confronted the government and military officials, which sometimes developed into warfare. | ||
Fredric W. Hodge states that in 1904 living in | Fredric W. Hodge states that in 1904 living in Montana there were 644 Assiniboin Indians living at Fort Belknap Agency and 535 at Fort Peck Agency. | ||
In 1990, there were 5,274 Assiniboin in the United States and others in Canada.<br> | In 1990, there were 5,274 Assiniboin in the United States and others in Canada.<br> | ||
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*'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | *'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | ||
*'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | *'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | ||
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ||