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The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. | The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. | ||
The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and | The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06 | ||
In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | ||
In the 1840 Washakie was a chief who ruled for 60 years dying in 1900 at the approximate age of 102 years. He was always friendly to his non-Indian neighbors and helped protect them from the raids of | In the 1840 Washakie was a chief who ruled for 60 years dying in 1900 at the approximate age of 102 years. He was always friendly to his non-Indian neighbors and helped protect them from the raids of hostile Sioux and Cheyennes . He prevented an uprising when the Arapahoes were brought to the Shoshone land. Crowheart Butte stands as a monument to his courage, for this is where he fought a hand-to-hand battle with a Crow Chief for hunting rights to the Wind River Valley. | ||
A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear River Massacre. | A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear River Massacre. | ||
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'''Northern Shoshoni''' | '''Northern Shoshoni''' | ||
* Fort Hall Band: Pohogwe | * Fort Hall Band: Pohogwe Shoshone | ||
* Mountain | * Mountain Shoshone Bands : Sheepeaters (Snake) and Lemhi | ||
* Northwestern Bands: Bannock Creek, Cache Valley, Weber Utes, and Bear Lake | * Northwestern Bands: Bannock Creek, Cache Valley, Weber Utes, and Bear Lake | ||
* Western Groups: Boise, Bruneau and Weiser | * Western Groups: Boise, Bruneau and Weiser | ||
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*'''1825:''' Jedediah Smith | *'''1825:''' Jedediah Smith | ||
*'''1825:''' First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming | *'''1825:''' First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming | ||
*'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the | *'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock. | ||
*'''1847:''' Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake valley | *'''1847:''' Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake valley | ||
*'''1849:''' Gold was discovered in California | *'''1849:''' Gold was discovered in California | ||
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*'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | *'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | ||
*'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed | *'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed | ||
*'''1863:''' July, Treaty at Fort Bridger | *'''1863:''' July, Treaty at Fort Bridger Gave the tribe land of their own choosing in Colorado, Idaho, Utah. and Wyoming. (Wind River Reservation) | ||
*'''1868:''' Treaty | *'''1868:''' Treaty | ||
*'''1869:''' Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point, Utah | *'''1869:''' Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point, Utah | ||
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*'''1878:''' Bannock War | *'''1878:''' Bannock War | ||
*'''1878:''' A band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho. | *'''1878:''' A band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho. | ||
*'''1878:''' The Federal Government moved the Northern Arapaho to the Shoshone Reservation. | |||
*'''1880's:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | *'''1880's:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | ||
*'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and | *'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6) | ||
*'''1982:''' Western Shoshone federally recognized | *'''1982:''' Western Shoshone federally recognized | ||
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*Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- [[Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation|Fort McDermitt Reservation]] (Nevada and Oregon) | *Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- [[Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation|Fort McDermitt Reservation]] (Nevada and Oregon) | ||
*Mountain Shoshone or [[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeaters]] -- [[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi]] and [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall]] Reservation(Idaho and Montana) | *Mountain Shoshone or [[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeaters]] -- [[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi]] and [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall]] Reservation(Idaho and Montana) | ||
*Northwestern Band of | *Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation of Utah (Washakie) | ||
*Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Bishop Indian Reservation (California)|Bishop Colony (California)]] | *Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Bishop Indian Reservation (California)|Bishop Colony (California)]] | ||
*Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Fallon Indian Colony and Reservation (Nevada)|Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada)]] | *Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Fallon Indian Colony and Reservation (Nevada)|Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada)]] | ||
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*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/shoshoni/shoshoniindianhist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Shoshone tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. | *Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/shoshoni/shoshoniindianhist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Shoshone tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. | ||
*A brief history of the Northwestern Bands of the | *A brief history of the Northwestern Bands of the Shoshone Indians is [http://www.onlineutah.com/shoshonehistory.shtml available inline]. | ||
*Another brief history is also [http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/sho.html available online]. | *Another brief history is also [http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/sho.html available online]. | ||
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*[[Western Shoshone Indian Agency (Nevada)|Western Shoshone Agency]] | *[[Western Shoshone Indian Agency (Nevada)|Western Shoshone Agency]] | ||
*[[Carson Indian Colony (Nevada)|Carson Agency]] | *[[Carson Indian Colony (Nevada)|Carson Agency]] | ||
*[[Shoshone_Indian_Agency_(Wyoming)| | *[[Shoshone_Indian_Agency_(Wyoming)|Shoshone Agency]] | ||
*[[Walker River Indian Agency (Nevada)|Walker River Agency]]<br> | *[[Walker River Indian Agency (Nevada)|Walker River Agency]]<br> | ||
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==== Allotment ==== | ==== Allotment ==== | ||
Duck River Reservation, Nevada and Idaho. Paiute and | Duck River Reservation, Nevada and Idaho. Paiute and Shoshone - not allotted. | ||
Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. | Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock - Allotted. | ||
Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. | Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. Nothern Arapaho, Shoshone - Allotted | ||
==== Enrollment ==== | ==== Enrollment ==== | ||
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*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0848.htm 1863] July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0848.htm 1863] July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0850.htm 1863] July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0850.htm 1863] July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0851.htm 1863] October 1,at Ruby Valley with Western | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0851.htm 1863] October 1,at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshone | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0859.htm 1863] October 12, at Tuilla Valley with | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0859.htm 1863] October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshone-Goship | ||
*1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band | *1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshone and Bannock | ||
==== Tribal Office Records ==== | ==== Tribal Office Records ==== | ||
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1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{FHL|49365|item|disp=FHL Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FHL Film: 928110-928115}} <br> | 1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{FHL|49365|item|disp=FHL Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FHL Film: 928110-928115}} <br> | ||
1885, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 ''' | 1885, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 '''Shoshone Agency''', Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581873 (M595 roll 498) <br> | ||
1900-1911 | 1900-1911 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581874 (M595 roll 499) <br> | ||
1912-1918 | 1912-1918 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581875 (M595 roll 500) <br> | ||
1919-1925 | 1919-1925 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581876 (M595 roll 501) <br> | ||
1926-1929 | 1926-1929 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581877 (M595 roll 502 <br> | ||
1930-1932 | 1930-1932 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho, Wind River Reservation. '''Births and Deaths''' - 1922, 1924-1931. FHL film 581878 (M595 roll 503) <br> | ||
1933-1937 | 1933-1937 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581879 (M595 roll 504) <br> | ||
1930-1931 '''Walker River Agency''', Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, | 1930-1931 '''Walker River Agency''', Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, Shoshone, and Washo Indians. FHL film 583090 (M595 roll 631) <br> | ||
1931-1932 '''Carson Agency''', Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. '''Death roll''', 1925-1931 and '''Birth roll''', 1925-1931. FHL film 573865 (M595 roll 19) <br> | 1931-1932 '''Carson Agency''', Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. '''Death roll''', 1925-1931 and '''Birth roll''', 1925-1931. FHL film 573865 (M595 roll 19) <br> | ||
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1933-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, '''Carson School'''. FHL film 573866 (M595 roll 20) <br> | 1933-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, '''Carson School'''. FHL film 573866 (M595 roll 20) <br> | ||
1937-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. | 1937-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo Indians, Carson School. FHL film 573867 (M595 roll 21) <br> | ||
1885-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 '''Fort Hall''', Idaho. | 1885-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 '''Fort Hall''', Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock Indians. FHL film 576493 (M595 roll 138) <br> | ||
1902-1909 Fort Hall, Idaho. | 1902-1909 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FHL film 576494 (M595 roll 139) <br> | ||
1910-1914 Fort Hall, Idaho. | 1910-1914 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FHL film 576495 (M595 roll 140)<br> | ||
1919-1926 Fort Hall, Idaho. | 1919-1926 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FHL film 576496 (M595 roll 141)<br> | ||
1927-1931 Fort Hall, Idaho. | 1927-1931 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FHL film 576497 (M595 roll 142)<br> | ||
1932-1934 Fort Hall, Idaho. | 1932-1934 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock, Indians as Washakie, sub-agency, Utah - 1932. page 195 '''Live Births''' 1 July 1924- 31 Mar 1932, page 221 '''Death Rolls''' July 1924-April 1932,page 405-587 '''Washakie Sub-Agency rolls''', 1934-1935 <br> | ||
1917-1923 '''Goshute Agency'''Goshute, | 1917-1923 '''Goshute Agency''' Goshute, Shoshone, Paiute, Kanosh and Pahvant FHL film 576856 (M595 roll 167) <br> | ||
1885,1887-1906 '''Lemhi Agency, Idaho. | 1885,1887-1906 '''Lemhi Agency, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock and Sheepeater FHL film 576937 (M595 roll 248) <br>''' | ||
1938-1939 Wind River Agency, Wyoming. | 1938-1939 Wind River Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. '''Births and deaths''' 1938-1939. (For earlier rolls see Shoshone Winnebago Agency, Nebraska Omaha and Winnebago Indians - E. Kay Kirkham) <br> | ||
=== Web Sites === | === Web Sites === | ||