Chippewa Tribe

Chippewa is the Anglicized version of Ojibway (also spelled Ojibwe and Ojibwa). The name Chippewa is more commonly used in the United States and the name Ojibway is more common in Canada.

History

Brief History

The Chippewa or Ojibway Indians are one of the largest groups of American Indians in North America. There are nearly 150 different bands of Chippewa in the northern part of the United States and in southern Canada (especially in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan).

Reservations

Bay Mills, Grand Portage, Leeck Lake, Mille Lacs, Red Lake, Nett Lake, Turtle Mountain, White Earth, Rocky Boy, Bad River, Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, Keweenaw Bay, Fond Du Lac, Mole Lake, Red Cliff, and St. Croix

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands

Bands and Other Subdivisions of the Chippewa Tribe

United States

Many of the bands or groups of Chippewa in the United States reside in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. The band names have changed or have been spelled differently over time. Many of the groups listed below have their own reservation. Some are federally recognized and have an agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with whom they interact. Multiple groups sometimes interact with a single BIA Agency. More information will be forthcoming on pages for each of the bands or groups listed below.

Some of the larger bands of Chippewa in the United States are:

Bad River Chippewa Bay Mills Community of Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa Bois Fort Chippewa Cass Lake Chippewa Fond du Lac Chippewa Grand Portage Chippewa Gull Lake Chippewa Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa Lac du Flambeau Chippewa

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Leech Lake Pillager Chippewa Mille Lac Chippewa Nett Lake Chippewa Otter Tail Pillager Chippewa Pembina Chippewa Red Cliff Chippewa Red Lake Chippewa

Rice Lake Chippewa Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa St. Croix Chippewa Turtle Mountain Chippewa Vermilion Lake Chippewa White Earth Chippewa White Oak Point Chippewa Winnibigoshish Chippewa

Canada

The Ojibway First Nation in Canada live primarily in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

Records

Agency Records

• Correspondence and Census

Tribe	Agency	Location of Original Records	Pre-1880 Correspondence M234  RG 75 Rolls 962  Roll Number	FHL Film Number	Post-1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693  Roll Number	FHL Film Number
Chippewa	Red Lake Agency,              1894-1961	WashingtonD.C. and Kansas City	-		Rolls 417-24
Chippewa (Pembina)	Turtle Mountain Agency, 1869-1955	Washington D.C. and Kansas City	-		Rolls 595-607	583054-583066
Chippewa, Boise Fort	Nett Lake Sub-Agency, 1908-18	Washington D.C. and Kansas City	-		Roll 287
Chippewa, Consolidated	Minnesota (Consol.Chippewa) Agency, 1890-1953	Washington D.C. and Kansas City	-		Rolls 57-62	574216-575768
Chippewa, Kansas	Potawatomi Agency, ca. 1876	Washington D.C. andKansas City	Rolls 678-95		Rolls 2, 11, 57-76,94-97,117-167,170-71,180
Chippewa, Kansas	Osage River Agency, to 1851	Washington D.C.	Rolls 642-51		Rolls 181,140-47, 187, 229-32, 253,392-95
Chippewa, Kansas	Ottawa Agency,   1863-64	Washington D.C.	Rolls 656-58		Rolls 417,595-607,628,649-62
Chippewa, Kansas	Sac and Fox Agency, 1851-63,1864-69	Washington D.C. and Chicago	Rolls 728-44		-
Chippewa, Lake Supperior/Minnesota	Chippewa Agency, 1851-53	Washington D.C. and Chicago	Rolls 149-68		-
Chippewa, Lake Supperior	La Pointe Agency, 1831-50	Washington D.C.	Rolls 387-400		-
Chippewa, Lake Supperior	Mackinac Agency, 1853-54	Washington D.C.	Rolls 402-16		-
Chippewa, Lake Superior/Mississippi	Sandy Lake Subagency,1850-51	Washington D.C.	Roll 767		-
Chippewa, Michigan	Mackinac Agency,1903-27	Washington D.C. and Chicago	Rolls 402-16		Roll 253	579663
Chippewa, Mississippi	Winnebago Agency, 1848-1947	Washington D.C. and Kansas City	Rolls 931-47		-
Chippewa, United Band	Chicago and Green Bay, East, 1824-80	Chicago	Rolls 132-34, 315-36		-
Chippewa, United Band	Council Bluffs Agency, 1837-47	Washington D.C.	Rolls 215-18		-
Chippewa, Wisconsin	Great lakes Consol. Agency, 1875-1952	Chicago	-		Rolls 170-71
Chippewa, Wisconsin	Lac du Flambeau Agency/School, 1896-1932	Chicago	-		Rolls 229-32	576918-576921
Chippewa, Wisconsin	Red Cliff Agency and School,     1901-22	Chicago	-		Roll 417	581411
Chippewa, Wisconsin	Tomah Indian School and Agency,1908-34	Chicago	-		-
Chippewa	Devil's Lake-Fort Totten, 1890-1950	Kansas City	Rolls 281-84		Rolls94-97	575786-575789
Chippewa	La Pointe Agency, 1886-1922	Chicago	Rolls 387-400		Rolls 234-42	576923-576931
Chippewa	Leech Lake Agency, 1899-1922	Kansas City	-		Rolls 243-47	576932-576936
Chippewa	White Earth Agency, 1892-1929	Kansas City	-		Rolls 649-62	583108-583121
Chippewa, Pillager	LeechLake/Chippewa Agency, 1908-31	Kansas City	-		Rolls 57-76	576932-576936
Chippewa Red Lake	Red Lake Agency, 1894-1952	Kansas City	-		Rolls 230-42, 418-25	581412-418

Vital Records:

• Consolidated Chippewa births and deaths, 1924-1932 FHL Film: 574229 (M595)
• Lad du Flambeau births and deaths,  1924-1932 FHL Film: 576920 (M595)
• Red Lake births and deaths, 1925-1932 FHL Film: 581416 (M595)
• Turtle Mountain births and deaths,  1924-1932 FHL Film: 583063 (M595)

Important Web Sites

• Basic facts about the Chippewa, primarily written for students.
• More detailed history of the Ojibwa or Chippewa, by Hodge
• Ojibwe Tribe WikipediA

References

Bibliography

• Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
• Klein, Barry T., ed. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. WorldCat 317923332; FHL book 970.1 R259e.
• Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. WorldCat 37475188; FHL book 970.1 G131g.

Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean

Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America

Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau

Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands

• Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .
  

Volume 1 -- Not yet published

Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat 234303751

Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- WorldCat 255572371

Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- WorldCat 19331914; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4.

Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- WorldCat 299653808; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5.

Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- WorldCat 247493742; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6.

Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- WorldCat 247493311

Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 13240086; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8.

Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- WorldCat 26140053; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9.

Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- WorldCat 301504096; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10.

Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- WorldCat 256516416; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11.

Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- WorldCat 39401371; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12.

Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- WorldCat 48209643

Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- WorldCat 254277176

Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 356517503; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15.

Volume 16 -- Not yet published

Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- WorldCat 43957746

Volume 18 -- Not yet published

Volume 19 -- Not yet published

Volume 20 -- Not yet published

• Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
• Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat 14718193; FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006.

Family History Library (FHL); now called, FamilySearch Library (FSL)