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'''Dutch''': Used in Dutch Reformed Church records and [[Netherlands Civil Registration|Civil Registration]] after 1813. Used for any other government records. <br> '''Frisian''': May be used in place of Dutch in Friesland <br> '''Latin''': Used in Catholic Church records <br> '''German''': Used in Lutheran Church records <br> '''French''': Used in Wallonia Reformed Church records, and in pre-1813 Civil Registration <br> '''Portuguese''': Used in some Jewish records | '''Dutch''': Used in Dutch Reformed Church records and [[Netherlands Civil Registration|Civil Registration]] after 1813. Used for any other government records. <br> '''Frisian''': May be used in place of Dutch in Friesland <br> '''Latin''': Used in Catholic Church records <br> '''German''': Used in Lutheran Church records <br> '''French''': Used in Wallonia Reformed Church records, and in pre-1813 Civil Registration <br> '''Portuguese''': Used in some Jewish records | ||
= Dutch Language = | |||
Dutch (like English and German), is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon. Many of the words resemble English and German words. Latin also sometimes appears in older Dutch records. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List]] . For a time, Dutch records were written in French. See the [[France Language and Languages|France Language and Languages]]. | Dutch (like English and German), is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon. Many of the words resemble English and German words. Latin also sometimes appears in older Dutch records. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List]] . For a time, Dutch records were written in French. See the [[France Language and Languages|France Language and Languages]]. | ||
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Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname. Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well . <br>Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch. <br>The "Additional Resources" section below will tell you how to use the FamilySearch Catalog to find dictionaries of the various dialects and related languages. | Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname. Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well . <br>Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch. <br>The "Additional Resources" section below will tell you how to use the FamilySearch Catalog to find dictionaries of the various dialects and related languages. | ||
In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, | In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan. | ||
== Language Characteristics == | |||
Dutch, along with German, English, Frisian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Afrikaans, is a Germanic language. It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [[Low German Language in German Research|Low German]]. Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same. You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|lower Rhine]] area or about [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland|spelling variations]] there. | Dutch, along with German, English, Frisian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Afrikaans, is a Germanic language. It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [[Low German Language in German Research|Low German]]. Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same. You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|lower Rhine]] area or about [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland|spelling variations]] there. | ||
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't '''Z'''andt | 't '''Z'''andt | ||
=== Spelling === | |||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Writers often failed to dot the ij, so that it looks like a y. The letter y was not used in older records. In Dutch, the following spelling variations are common. | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Writers often failed to dot the ij, so that it looks like a y. The letter y was not used in older records. In Dutch, the following spelling variations are common.See the article [[Spelling Variants in Dutch Documents]] | ||
y used for ij | y used for ij | ||
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*'''eergisteren '''day before yesterday | *'''eergisteren '''day before yesterday | ||
*'''eerlijk '''honest | *'''eerlijk '''honest | ||
*'''<span | *'''<span style="display: none" id="1277776595285S"> </span>eerste <span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1277776594859_178" />'''first | ||
*'''eertijds '''formerly | *'''eertijds '''formerly | ||
*'''eeuw '''century | *'''eeuw '''century | ||