Maryland History: Difference between revisions

'''1632-1691''', and '''1715-1776''' Maryland was a [[P genealogical glossary terms|proprietary]] colony. The Calvert family proprietors (and Governor's Council) issued land grants to entice settlers to the colony before 1680. Starting in 1680 they changed to a [[United States. United-States - Land and Property- Land Terms & Definitions|headrights]] system.<ref> John Leeds Bozman, ''History of Maryland from Its First Settlement in 1633 to the Restoration in 1660'' (Baltimore: James Lucas and E.K. Deaver, 1837) [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=187462&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=The+history+of+Maryland%20%20 [FHL book 975.2 H2bj]], 2: 9-22. Digitized in 2007 by [http://books.google.com/books?id=VMULAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;dq=%22history+of+maryland%22#PPA3,M1 Google Book]. </ref>For more details see the [[Maryland Land and Property|Maryland Land and Property]] page.  

'''1634-:''' Virginia leaders refused to recognize the Maryland charter and continued to sell-off Maryland land on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula Delmarva Peninsula]. This resulted in decades of border conflicts and uncertain land and tax claims, and attempts by Virginians to incite Indians against Maryland.<ref>Reginald V. Truitt, and Millard G. Les Callette, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3016672&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;referer=brief_results Worcester County Maryland’s Arcadia]'' (Snow Hill, Md.: Worcester County Historical Society, 1977), 23-24, 33. [[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Worcester+County%2C+Maryland%27s+Arcadia%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 FHL book 975.221 H2t; fiche 6087644]].</ref><ref>Bozman, 2:33-35.</ref>  

'''1649''' Maryland passed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Toleration_Act Religious Toleration Act] to protect Catholics and immigrating Puritans from each other and create an environment to attract more immigrants.<ref> Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland Toleration Act," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Toleration_Act&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=269468219 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref>Eight years of religious wars followed anyway.<br>

Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_transportation transported British convicts].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland—History," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=271243474 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref>Prior to 1776 three-fourths of immigrants were convicts, slaves, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servants indentured servants], or became indentured servants to pay for their passage to America. For information about convicts and indentured servants see the works of Peter Wilson Coldham indexed in [http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry.com], a subscription web site. [[Image:Maryland Colony Map.png|thumb|right|350px|Maryland's disputed border with Pennsylvania 1682-1767.]]  

'''1682''' Pennsylvania began to assert ownership of what became [[Portal:Delaware|Delaware]] and northern parts of Maryland. The Maryland citizens resisted including the murder of a pushy Pennsylvania tax collector. These border conflicts would not be fully resolved until the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line between 1763 and 1767.<ref>Richard Wilson, and Jack Bridner, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8530259&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;referer=brief_results Maryland: Its Past and Present]'' (Lanham, Md.: Maryland Historical Press, 1981) [[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=549692&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Maryland+%3A+its+past+and+present%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 FHL book 975.2 H2wi]], 83-84.</ref>  

'''1691-1715''' Maryland became a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_colony Crown colony].<ref> Richard Walsh, and William Lloyd Fox, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1217352&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;referer=brief_results Maryland: A History 1632-1974]'' (Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1974) [[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;titleno=231377&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;disp=Maryland%20%20&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;columns=*,0,0 FHL book H2wr]], 24-28.</ref>  

'''1706:''' Baltimore port was founded. It soon became a major port and commercial center.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Baltimore," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baltimore&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=271615328 (accessed February 18, 2009).</ref>  

'''1763-1767:''' The Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary was established by the surveying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Dixon_line Mason-Dixon Line].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mason-Dixon Line," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mason-Dixon_Line&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=270916560 (accessed February 18, 2009).</ref>  

As tobacco and later cotton farming grew in the South (including Maryland) so did the [[African American Slavery and Bondage|African slave trade]]. After '''1808''', when importation of slaves was banned, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States#Second_Middle_Passage internal slave trade] resulted in many slaves from Maryland being moved to more western states like [[Portal:Tennessee|Tennessee]] and [[Portal:Kentucky|Kentucky]].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Slavery in the United States," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=271360102 (accessed February 18, 2009).</ref> At the start of the Civil War the slave trade was the second largest money making enterprise in Maryland.  

'''1850s:''' Miners from [[Portal:Scotland|Scotland]], [[Portal:Ireland|Ireland]], [[Portal:Germany|Germany]], and [[Portal:Wales|Wales]] immigrated to work western Maryland's coal deposits. The Nativist "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know_Nothing_Party Know Nothing" Party] was formed to resist this wave of immigration.<ref>Wilson and Bridner, 126-27.</ref>  

'''1850s:''' Former slaves like Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas escaped from and through Maryland across the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania or Delaware. Quakers and others who lived in these states helped runaways on the "[http://ww2.mdslavery.net/ Underground Railroad]," a series of safe-houses leading farther north into Canada. The Underground Railroad helped runaways avoid being re-enslaved as a result of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slave_act fugitive slave laws].<ref>Wilson and Brinder, 136-42.</ref> [[Image:Battle of Antietam.png|thumb|right|370px|The bloodiest 24 hours in Western Hemisphere history were fought in the Civil War, 17 Sep 1862, at Antietam Creek, Maryland.]]  

'''1904:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Baltimore_Fire Great Baltimore Fire] left 35,000 without jobs.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Great Baltimore Fire," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Baltimore_Fire&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=269520358 (accessed February 18, 2009).</ref>