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=== History === | === History === | ||
The Saulteaux Indians are a branch of the Ojibwa people (aka Algonquin, Anishinabe, Bungee, Chippewa, Little Shell, Nez Perce, Ojibway, Ojibwe, Pembina, Saginaw, Sac, and Sauk). Their land was located just east of Lake Superior when the English and French first met them in the early 17th century. It was probably the French who named these eastern [[Lake Superior Chippewa]] District people the Saulteaux ("People of the Falls" in French). In Montana, the Gros Ventre are known as the People of the Falls or People of the Waterfalls or simply the Waterfalls People or Falls People. They are the Chippewas who moved from the west to the east, after the Europeans began to settle the land. They are also the Montana Saulteaux. They originally lived in the Great Falls, Montana region and still do. The correct pronunciation of Saulteaux is Soo as in "Sioux" and toe as in "your big toe." "Sootoe."<br> | |||
Their original land was located in the immediate surrounding region of Sault Ste. Marie. Ojibwa authors from the 19th century wrote about Chippewas from the west forcing their way to the east, after the Europeans began to settle in the area. According to George Copway, the Chippewas from northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, settled the region where Sault Ste. Marie is. They then worked their way further east. Copway wrote that these Chippewa settlers colonized the region east of Lake Superior and east of Lake Huron, after 1634 and 1635. | Their original land was located in the immediate surrounding region of Sault Ste. Marie. Ojibwa authors from the 19th century wrote about Chippewas from the west forcing their way to the east, after the Europeans began to settle in the area. According to George Copway, the Chippewas from northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, settled the region where Sault Ste. Marie is. They then worked their way further east. Copway wrote that these Chippewa settlers colonized the region east of Lake Superior and east of Lake Huron, after 1634 and 1635. | ||
Surprisingly, Copway wrote that Minnesota served as a starting off point. Copway learned that a general council was held where Minneapolis-St. Paul is (Falls of St. Anthony) to distribute land to the | Surprisingly, Copway wrote that Minnesota served as a starting off point. Copway learned that a general council was held where Minneapolis-St. Paul is (Falls of St. Anthony) to distribute land to the Ojibwas. He also wrote that the Ojibwa east of Lake Superior considered the Minnesota region to be the land of their forefathers. | ||
Not very long after the western Chippewas colonized the region east of Lakes Superior and Huron, they began to move westward. It was their Seven Fires Prophecy | Not very long after the western Chippewas colonized the region east of Lakes Superior and Huron, they began to move westward. It was their [http://www.wabanaki.com/seven_fires_prophecy.htm Seven Fires Prophecy] that caused them to leave for western lands. Among them were the Amikwa Chippewas who are also known as the Nez Perce. They are the Nez Perce of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Amikwa means Beavers in Anishinabe. The Beaver Tribe including the Kaska, Sekani and Tahltan of British Columbia, are the Amikwa Chippewas. | ||
According to the | According to the [https://books.google.com/books?id=QLVkuSgdGi8C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=strongbow+indian+tribe+and+chipewyan&source=bl&ots=KweSF3b9ab&sig=mYq_GzjL5xWRQYztic6J_a6TCB8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hsvfUs_oKsaAogSMp4CwBQ#v=onepage&q=strongbow%20indian%20tribe%20and%20chipewyan&f=false 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia], the Athabascan People or Dene People including the Apache, Chipewyan, and Navajo, are [http://www.wilkesweb.us/algonquin/nations.htm Algonquin] and speak Algonquian. You'll find the information about the Amikwa Chippewas at their website. | ||
From the Sault Ste. Marie region, the Saulteaux Indians of the Lake Superior region followed an old road north of Lake Superior which led to where Winnipeg, Manitoba is now situated. This same road led into what is now Saskatchewan then to what is now Edmonton, Alberta. It then branched off to where the Saulteau First Nations are located in British Columbia. That is where Moberly Lake is. Before the road reached Moberly Lake, it branched off where Dawson Creek, British Columbia is. It led up to where Fort Nelson, British Columbia is now. | |||
Another branch of this same old road, branched off near Dawson Creek and extended into central British Columbia. From there, it led to where Prince Rupert, British Columbia is. | Another branch of this same old road, branched off near Dawson Creek and extended into central British Columbia. From there, it led to where Prince Rupert, British Columbia is. | ||
Other branches of the Ojibwa Nation are the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw. The Saulteaux lived north of them, excepting the Pembina who historians probably classify as being Saulteaux. To identify the Saulteaux Indians, information about the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw must be separate so the information about the Saulteaux can be distinct. | Other branches of the Ojibwa Nation are the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw. The Saulteaux lived north of them, excepting the Pembina who historians probably classify as being Saulteaux. To identify the Saulteaux Indians, information about the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw must be separate so the information about the Saulteaux can be distinct. | ||
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The Saulteaux District bordered the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] District and the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District. It starts just north of Lake Huron and includes land to the south in southern Ontario and Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. It includes northern Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and extends into Alberta. It includes land in northern Montana, east of the Rocky Mountains. It also included much of British Columbia, particularly northern British Columbia. Another Chippewa District was probably located in southern British Columbia. | The Saulteaux District bordered the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] District and the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District. It starts just north of Lake Huron and includes land to the south in southern Ontario and Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. It includes northern Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and extends into Alberta. It includes land in northern Montana, east of the Rocky Mountains. It also included much of British Columbia, particularly northern British Columbia. Another Chippewa District was probably located in southern British Columbia. | ||
Only Reservations and Reserves, in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oklahoma will be included. Historians have written that the [[ | Only Reservations and Reserves, in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oklahoma will be included. Historians have written that the [[Cree Indians]] made no use of totems or clans. If that was correct it will signify that they are not Algonquian. However, it is known that the Swampy Cree and Woodland Cree used totems or clans. Woodland Cree are obviously Saulteaux. Their history is a fragmented one. | ||
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He sent 1,000s of Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers to launch massive raids against English settlers. They killed and wounded 1,000s during the war including the 1763 war known as Pontiac's War. By 1763, the English no longer wanted war. A peace treaty was had. The settlers only advanced as far west as what is now central Pennsylvania. They had fortifications further west but it was dangerous. They advanced further west down south. | He sent 1,000s of Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers to launch massive raids against English settlers. They killed and wounded 1,000s during the war including the 1763 war known as Pontiac's War. By 1763, the English no longer wanted war. A peace treaty was had. The settlers only advanced as far west as what is now central Pennsylvania. They had fortifications further west but it was dangerous. They advanced further west down south. | ||
After 1763, little had changed since 1670. | After 1763, little had changed since 1670. Settlers had advanced to what is now eastern New York State, parts of Vermont, parts of New Hampshire, and parts of Maine. Chief Pontiac's war strategy was successful. His soldiers kept the settlers advance limited. | ||
==== Chief Minavavana: ==== | ==== Chief Minavavana: ==== | ||