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==== 18th century: ==== | ==== 18th century: ==== | ||
Wars between the First Nations Peoples and the European | Wars between the First Nations Peoples and the European settlers became more frequent and more deadly. By 1795 (after the Battle of Fallen Timbers) the Saulteaux living east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, began leaving the area. Some migrated up to northern Quebec. Most migrated north of Lake Superior then to the west. | ||
==== 19th century: ==== | ==== 19th century: ==== | ||
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Many Saulteaux Indians had migrated into northwestern Ontario then southern Manitoba. They probably participated in the [[Pemmican War|Pemmican War]] which was a part of the [[Canada in the War of 1812|War of 1812]]. By the 1860s, they were realizing they had to migrate again. Under the leadership of Saulteaux leaders [[Chief Yellow Quill|Chief Yellow Quill]], his sub-chief [[Chief Kinistin|Chief Kinistin]], [[Chief John Smith|Chief John Smith]] and his brother [[Chief James Smith|Chief James Smith]], the diasporas commenced. From southern Manitoba, they migrated into southeastern and central Saskatchewan. Other Chippewa leaders who followed prophecy and led migrations were [[Chief Kahkhagooguns|Chief Kahkhagooguns]] and [[Chief Napaneegwan|Chief Napaneegwan]]. Both leaders did as instructed and led the Saulteaux people to northern British Columbia, from southern Manitoba. | Many Saulteaux Indians had migrated into northwestern Ontario then southern Manitoba. They probably participated in the [[Pemmican War|Pemmican War]] which was a part of the [[Canada in the War of 1812|War of 1812]]. By the 1860s, they were realizing they had to migrate again. Under the leadership of Saulteaux leaders [[Chief Yellow Quill|Chief Yellow Quill]], his sub-chief [[Chief Kinistin|Chief Kinistin]], [[Chief John Smith|Chief John Smith]] and his brother [[Chief James Smith|Chief James Smith]], the diasporas commenced. From southern Manitoba, they migrated into southeastern and central Saskatchewan. Other Chippewa leaders who followed prophecy and led migrations were [[Chief Kahkhagooguns|Chief Kahkhagooguns]] and [[Chief Napaneegwan|Chief Napaneegwan]]. Both leaders did as instructed and led the Saulteaux people to northern British Columbia, from southern Manitoba. | ||
Chief Kinistin led many Saulteaux people up to northern Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan. They merged with the Chippewa's native to those regions. They also migrated into Alberta then British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, including what is now [[Nunavut Genealogy|Nunavut]]. | Chief Kinistin led many Saulteaux people up to northern Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan. They merged with the Chippewa's native to those regions. They also migrated into Alberta then British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, including what is now [[Nunavut Genealogy|Nunavut]]. | ||
=== Leaders: === | === Leaders: === | ||
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By 1759, the English had helped the French halt the powerful Saulteaux Ojibwa military. However, the war continued on. Chief Pontiac or Bwan-di-ac, became an important Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander early in the 7 years war. By the early 1760s, chief Pontiac was the highest ranking Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander. | By 1759, the English had helped the French halt the powerful Saulteaux Ojibwa military. However, the war continued on. Chief Pontiac or Bwan-di-ac, became an important Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander early in the 7 years war. By the early 1760s, chief Pontiac was the highest ranking Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander. | ||
He sent 1,000s of Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers to launch massive raids against English settlers. They killed and wounded 1,000s during the war including the 1763 war known as Pontiac's War. By 1763, the English no longer wanted war. A peace treaty was had. | He sent 1,000s of Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers to launch massive raids against English settlers. They killed and wounded 1,000s during the war including the 1763 war known as Pontiac's War. By 1763, the English no longer wanted war. A peace treaty was had. The settlers only advanced as far west as what is now central Pennsylvania. They had fortifications further west but it was dangerous. They advanced further west down south. | ||
After 1763, little had changed since 1670. Whites had advanced to what is now eastern New York State, parts of Vermont, parts of New Hampshire, and parts of Maine. Chief Pontiac's war strategy was successful. His soldiers kept the settlers advance limited. | After 1763, little had changed since 1670. Whites had advanced to what is now eastern New York State, parts of Vermont, parts of New Hampshire, and parts of Maine. Chief Pontiac's war strategy was successful. His soldiers kept the settlers advance limited. | ||
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During the August 20, 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, chief Agashaway was seriously wounded. He knew during the latter stages of the long 1774-1794 War, that his people were tired of the conflict. Some of them began to act on their own. They allowed chief Blue Jacket to become one of their principle military commanders. It enraged the Saulteaux Ojibwa's. Chief Blue Jacket was European. He raised Tecumseh. <br> | During the August 20, 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, chief Agashaway was seriously wounded. He knew during the latter stages of the long 1774-1794 War, that his people were tired of the conflict. Some of them began to act on their own. They allowed chief Blue Jacket to become one of their principle military commanders. It enraged the Saulteaux Ojibwa's. Chief Blue Jacket was European. He raised Tecumseh. <br> | ||
Shortly after the Battle of Fallen Timbers, chief Agashaway agreed to sign the peace treaty with the English or the English colony of the United States. He was among the last of the Saulteaux Ojibwa military leaders to agree to peace. After signing the 1795 Treaty of Greenville, chief Agashaway died. He may have died from his injuries sustained during the Battle of Fallen Timbers. | Shortly after the Battle of Fallen Timbers, chief Agashaway agreed to sign the peace treaty with the English or the English colony of the United States. He was among the last of the Saulteaux Ojibwa military leaders to agree to peace. After signing the 1795 Treaty of Greenville, chief Agashaway died. He may have died from his injuries sustained during the Battle of Fallen Timbers. | ||
==== Chief Sassaba: ==== | ==== Chief Sassaba: ==== | ||
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Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers were sent to the fortified settlements to try and destroy them. Cuthbert Grant became well known for leading Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers at the Battle of Seven Oaks. The Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers defeated the settlers at that battle. It unofficially ended the War of 1812. | Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers were sent to the fortified settlements to try and destroy them. Cuthbert Grant became well known for leading Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers at the Battle of Seven Oaks. The Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers defeated the settlers at that battle. It unofficially ended the War of 1812. | ||
After the conflict, Cuthbert Grant became attracted to agriculture including the building of a watermill. In 1828, Grant was selected to rule the colony in southern Manitoba known as the Red River Colony (aka Selkirk Colony) by the Saulteaux Ojibwa's. Historians ignore the Saulteaux Ojibwa's of southern Manitoba. | After the conflict, Cuthbert Grant became attracted to agriculture including the building of a watermill. In 1828, Grant was selected to rule the colony in southern Manitoba known as the Red River Colony (aka Selkirk Colony) by the Saulteaux Ojibwa's. Historians ignore the Saulteaux Ojibwa's of southern Manitoba. | ||
==== Chief Peguis: ==== | ==== Chief Peguis: ==== | ||
He was also an important Saulteaux Ojibwa leader during the War of 1812. He was born in 1774. They think he was born near Sault Ste. Marie. He later moved to northern Minnesota then up to Manitoba. During the War of 1812, the English invaded southern Manitoba and established the Red River Colony. It is not known if chief Peguis was a Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander during that conflict. | He was also an important Saulteaux Ojibwa leader during the War of 1812. He was born in 1774. They think he was born near Sault Ste. Marie. He later moved to northern Minnesota then up to Manitoba. During the War of 1812, the English invaded southern Manitoba and established the Red River Colony. It is not known if chief Peguis was a Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander during that conflict. Historians write a descriptive portrait of chief Peguis as being sympathetic towards the settlers. | ||
Chief Peguis is thought to have been a mixed blood. Cuthbert Grant was a mixed blood. After they established fortified settlements in southern Manitoba, Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers were sent to attack them. After the 1816 Battle of Seven Oaks, the leaders of the Red River Colony knew they had to cooperate with the far more numerous Saulteaux Ojibwa's who surrounded them. In 1817, chief Peguis signed the Selkirk Treaty. It ended the conflict in southern Manitoba. | Chief Peguis is thought to have been a mixed blood. Cuthbert Grant was a mixed blood. After they established fortified settlements in southern Manitoba, Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers were sent to attack them. After the 1816 Battle of Seven Oaks, the leaders of the Red River Colony knew they had to cooperate with the far more numerous Saulteaux Ojibwa's who surrounded them. In 1817, chief Peguis signed the Selkirk Treaty. It ended the conflict in southern Manitoba. | ||
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If chief Peguis was in fact the John Smith who died in 1922, he was not 137 when he died. He was 148. Chief Sitting Bull claimed to have been born and raised among the Red River Metis or Saulteaux Ojibwa's. If that's true, he probably knew chief Peguis. Many of the other Saulteaux Ojibwa's from St. Peters Reserve, were forced to relocate to Peguis Reserve in 1907. | If chief Peguis was in fact the John Smith who died in 1922, he was not 137 when he died. He was 148. Chief Sitting Bull claimed to have been born and raised among the Red River Metis or Saulteaux Ojibwa's. If that's true, he probably knew chief Peguis. Many of the other Saulteaux Ojibwa's from St. Peters Reserve, were forced to relocate to Peguis Reserve in 1907. | ||
What is fascinating about St. Peters Reserve, is it's identical name to the St. Peters Mission in the Great Falls, Montana region. We know during the time period between 1896 and 1918, several forced deportations of Saulteaux Ojibwa's from around the Great Falls region, happened. Canada was one of the locations the Montana Saulteaux Ojibwa's were deported. Alberta and Saskatchewan, were the provinces where | What is fascinating about St. Peters Reserve, is it's identical name to the St. Peters Mission in the Great Falls, Montana region. We know during the time period between 1896 and 1918, several forced deportations of Saulteaux Ojibwa's from around the Great Falls region, happened. Canada was one of the locations the Montana Saulteaux Ojibwa's were deported. Alberta and Saskatchewan, were the provinces where Montana Saulteaux Ojibwa's were deported. | ||
The Montana Saulteaux Ojibwa's were deported from the Great Falls, Montana region, between 1907 and 1909, to where Peguis Reserve is located in Manitoba. The Saulteaux Ojibwa's of Peguis Reserve and Fisher River Reserve, must seriously do investigative work to learn if a cover-up is in place. | The Montana Saulteaux Ojibwa's were deported from the Great Falls, Montana region, between 1907 and 1909, to where Peguis Reserve is located in Manitoba. The Saulteaux Ojibwa's of Peguis Reserve and Fisher River Reserve, must seriously do investigative work to learn if a cover-up is in place. | ||
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Montana Reserve (settled by Saulteaux Chippewas from Montana) | Montana Reserve (settled by Saulteaux Chippewas from Montana) | ||
O'Chiese-Sunchild Reserve (Saulteaux) | O'Chiese-Sunchild Reserve (Cree and Saulteaux) | ||
Paul (Assiniboine-Cree-Saulteaux) | Paul (Assiniboine-Cree-Saulteaux) | ||
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Lower Post (they are Kaska who are Beaver or Amikwa Chippewas) | Lower Post (they are Kaska who are Beaver or Amikwa Chippewas) | ||
Ross River (they are Beaver or Amikwa Chippewas) | Ross River (they are Beaver or Amikwa Chippewas) | ||
<u>Idaho</u> | |||
Nez Perce Reservation (Nez Perce or Amikwa Chippewas) | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
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Crow-Northern Cheyenne Reservation (Cheyenne Ojibwa's, Dakota, Saulteaux) | Crow-Northern Cheyenne Reservation (Cheyenne Ojibwa's, Dakota, Saulteaux) | ||
Flathead Reservation (Cree, Flathead including the Pend d'Oreilles and Spokane, Nez Perce or Amikwa Ojibwa's) | Flathead Reservation (Cree, Flathead including the Kalispel, Pend d'Oreilles and Spokane, and Nez Perce or Amikwa Ojibwa's) | ||
Fort Belknap Reservation (Assiniboine and Saulteaux) | Fort Belknap Reservation (Assiniboine and Saulteaux) | ||
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<u>Oklahoma</u> | <u>Oklahoma</u> | ||
Cherokee Reservation (Saulteaux from Michigan) | Cherokee Reservation (Saulteaux Ojibwa's from Michigan and Nez Perce or Amikwa Chippewas from Montana) | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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<u>South Dakota</u> | <u>South Dakota</u> | ||
Cheyenne River Reservation (Saulteaux from Montana) | Cheyenne River Reservation (Saulteaux Chippewas from Montana) | ||
<u>Washington</u> | |||
Colville-Spokane Reservation (Nez Perce or Amikwa Chippewas) | |||
<br> | <br> | ||