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=== Lineage Genealogies (Jia Pu) === | === Lineage Genealogies (Jia Pu) === | ||
In the history of the Chinese people, there are three important elements that are significant. They are China's history, the local gazette, and a clan's genealogy. Among these three elements, genealogy has the longest history and is the most influential. | In the history of the Chinese people, there are three important elements that are significant. They are China's history, the local gazette, and a clan's genealogy. Among these three elements, genealogy has the longest history and is the most influential. | ||
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''Jia Pu'' usually does not have prominent records of the women in the family. This is because in Chinese families, greater emphasis is placed on the sons, who will carry on the family name. When daughters marry, they are considered a part of their husband's family. Although their names are mentioned in both their family and in-law's ''Jia Pu'', their significance is usually marginalized since they are unlikely to extend the family's lineage. | ''Jia Pu'' usually does not have prominent records of the women in the family. This is because in Chinese families, greater emphasis is placed on the sons, who will carry on the family name. When daughters marry, they are considered a part of their husband's family. Although their names are mentioned in both their family and in-law's ''Jia Pu'', their significance is usually marginalized since they are unlikely to extend the family's lineage. | ||
The objectives of Chinese genealogical research has tremendously changed over time. Researchers are now studying Chinese genealogies as a supplement to other research areas, such as social economic history, geographical history, history of law, population history, religion and culture, history of overseas Chinese, inheritance practices, and biography of historical figures. | The objectives of Chinese genealogical research has tremendously changed over time. Researchers are now studying Chinese genealogies as a supplement to other research areas, such as social economic history, geographical history, history of law, population history, religion and culture, history of overseas Chinese, inheritance practices, and biography of historical figures. | ||
== Genealogies of the Imperial Clan Court and Genealogical Personnel Records == | == Genealogies of the Imperial Clan Court and Genealogical Personnel Records == | ||
Research Use: These are lineage genealogies of elite families and a primary research source. A researcher who can connect into these genealogies can determine their pedigree quickly and accurately. These serve as vital records for imperial descendants and collateral imperial relatives. Usage varies depending on the specific record type. | Research Use: These are lineage genealogies of elite families and a primary research source. A researcher who can connect into these genealogies can determine their pedigree quickly and accurately. These serve as vital records for imperial descendants and collateral imperial relatives. Usage varies depending on the specific record type. | ||
Record Type: These are compiled genealogies of the emperors, their descendants, and collateral lines. These include the small and large imperial genealogy (1644-1911), the horizontal imperial genealogy (1796-1911), and the genealogies of the Imperial Household. Collateral and related lines are included in the red name register (1847-1898), the blue registers (1851-1911), and genealogies of officers of the Imperial Household with considerable information about them, their family and their lineage. Other genealogical records and rosters of imperial relatives include: Eight Banner generation lists (1816-1911); pedigrees for estate heads of the office of rent collection (1877-1910); genealogies of the office of rent collection, the imperial chancery, department of household guard and imperial hunt, and department of works (1736-1911), the blue roster of names and offices of officials (1798-1911), the 3-generation rosters and name list (1723-1911), census rosters of estate heads and bondservants of the Three Banners (1828-1910), records of bestowal and transmission of hereditary honorific titles and offices (1736-1911), and the donation list and 3 generation roster (1853-1885). The emperor’s kin and officers of the Imperial Household were a privileged class and these genealogies document relationship to the emperor and rights to privileges and entitlements. | Record Type: These are compiled genealogies of the emperors, their descendants, and collateral lines. These include the small and large imperial genealogy (1644-1911), the horizontal imperial genealogy (1796-1911), and the genealogies of the Imperial Household. Collateral and related lines are included in the red name register (1847-1898), the blue registers (1851-1911), and genealogies of officers of the Imperial Household with considerable information about them, their family and their lineage. Other genealogical records and rosters of imperial relatives include: Eight Banner generation lists (1816-1911); pedigrees for estate heads of the office of rent collection (1877-1910); genealogies of the office of rent collection, the imperial chancery, department of household guard and imperial hunt, and department of works (1736-1911), the blue roster of names and offices of officials (1798-1911), the 3-generation rosters and name list (1723-1911), census rosters of estate heads and bondservants of the Three Banners (1828-1910), records of bestowal and transmission of hereditary honorific titles and offices (1736-1911), and the donation list and 3 generation roster (1853-1885). The emperor’s kin and officers of the Imperial Household were a privileged class and these genealogies document relationship to the emperor and rights to privileges and entitlements. | ||
Time Period: 1644-1911. | Time Period: 1644-1911. | ||
Contents: Information in the imperial genealogies is organized into pedigrees, including names of family members (lineage linked), with dates and places of birth, death, and marriage. Names of children and grandchildren, adoptions, positions held, official titles. The red name registers are a type of census of collateral imperial relatives (those descended from siblings of previous rulers). By regulation, births were registered once every three months. Afterwards, all vital events in the life of the individual were recorded as they occurred. These provide sub-divisional banner affiliation, names of parents and grandparents, names of children, generation name, birth dates and mother's of children, marriages, name changes, death dates, and gains or losses of inherited ranks. Adoptions are also noted. The Blue Registers include reports of births, marriages, and deaths of children of household officials as reported to captains. The imperial genealogy was compiled based on these registers. Many of the personnel records of the imperial household provided considerable genealogical information including often 3 generations or more of ancestry. | Contents: Information in the imperial genealogies is organized into pedigrees, including names of family members (lineage linked), with dates and places of birth, death, and marriage. Names of children and grandchildren, adoptions, positions held, official titles. The red name registers are a type of census of collateral imperial relatives (those descended from siblings of previous rulers). By regulation, births were registered once every three months. Afterwards, all vital events in the life of the individual were recorded as they occurred. These provide sub-divisional banner affiliation, names of parents and grandparents, names of children, generation name, birth dates and mother's of children, marriages, name changes, death dates, and gains or losses of inherited ranks. Adoptions are also noted. The Blue Registers include reports of births, marriages, and deaths of children of household officials as reported to captains. The imperial genealogy was compiled based on these registers. Many of the personnel records of the imperial household provided considerable genealogical information including often 3 generations or more of ancestry. | ||
Location: First Historical Archives, Beijing, China. | Location: First Historical Archives, Beijing, China. | ||
Population Coverage: Estimated at 90% of the imperial elite, ruling class, less than 3% of the general population. | Population Coverage: Estimated at 90% of the imperial elite, ruling class, less than 3% of the general population. | ||
Reliability: Very reliable. The red name registers, for example, contain more information and more important data than was extracted and recorded in the imperial genealogy.<ref name="profile"/> | Reliability: Very reliable. The red name registers, for example, contain more information and more important data than was extracted and recorded in the imperial genealogy.<ref name="profile" /> | ||
== Chinese in South Pacific == | == Chinese in South Pacific == | ||
For Chinese genealogies from the South Pacific see this article: [[Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies|Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies]] | For Chinese genealogies from the South Pacific see this article: [[Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies|Samoan, Tongan and other Polynesian Genealogies]] | ||
== Histories of Chinese Surnames in Wikipedia == | |||
Wikipedia has a number of very useful articles about Chinese surnames, detailing their origins, histories, and distribution in present-day China and sometimes beyond. You can view this example to see what one of the articles may have in it. | Wikipedia has a number of very useful articles about Chinese surnames, detailing their origins, histories, and distribution in present-day China and sometimes beyond. You can view this example to see what one of the articles may have in it. | ||
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To find a page for a surname that for some reason is not listed there, type the URL shown for the Yuan surname as shown above, substituting the surname you wish to see if there is an article about it where you see Yuan in the URL above. If that does not turn up any results that look right, take off the _(surname) part of the URL, and it is possible that it might be found that way. However, it is possible that articles about some surnames are not on Wikipedia yet. | To find a page for a surname that for some reason is not listed there, type the URL shown for the Yuan surname as shown above, substituting the surname you wish to see if there is an article about it where you see Yuan in the URL above. If that does not turn up any results that look right, take off the _(surname) part of the URL, and it is possible that it might be found that way. However, it is possible that articles about some surnames are not on Wikipedia yet. | ||
== Online Genealogical Resources == | |||
*[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chnwgw/ China GenWeb] | *[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chnwgw/ China GenWeb] | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Place|China}} | {{Place|China}} | ||
[[Category:China]] [[Category:Compiled_Genealogies]] | [[Category:China]] [[Category:Compiled_Genealogies]] | ||