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==== Variant Forms of Words ==== | ==== Variant Forms of Words ==== | ||
In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. ''Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | ||
==== Gender ==== | ==== Gender ==== | ||
Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, rex (king) is a masculine word, aetas (age) is a feminine word, and oppidum (town) is a neuter word. | Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, ''rex'' (king) is a masculine word, ''aetas'' (age) is a feminine word, and ''oppidum'' (town) is a neuter word. | ||
Words that describe persons, places, or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in Latin you would write magnus rex (great king), magna aetas (great age), and magnum oppidum (large town). | Words that describe persons, places, or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in Latin you would write ''magnus rex'' (great king), ''magna aetas'' (great age), and ''magnum oppidum'' (large town). | ||
This word list gives only the masculine form of adjectives. For example: | This word list gives only the masculine form of adjectives. For example: | ||
*noster, nostra, nostrum (our) is listed as noster | *''noster, nostra, nostrum'' (our) is listed as ''noster'' | ||
*magnus, magna, magnum (great, large) is listed as magnus | *''magnus, magna, magnum'' (great, large) is listed as ''magnus'' | ||
*nobilis, nobile (noble, known) is listed as nobilis | *''nobilis, nobile'' (noble, known) is listed as ''nobilis'' | ||
Some words have both a male (-us) and female (-a) form, such as patrinus (godfather) and patrina (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word famulus (servant), you can conclude that famula is a female servant. | Some words have both a male (-us) and female (-a) form, such as ''patrinus'' (godfather) and ''patrina'' (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word ''famulus'' (servant), you can conclude that ''famula'' is a female servant. | ||
Similarly, this word list gives only natus est ("he was born"). You can conclude that nata est means "she was born." The plural form nati sunt means "they were born." | Similarly, this word list gives only ''natus est'' ("he was born"). You can conclude that ''nata est'' means "she was born." The plural form ''nati sunt'' means "they were born." | ||
==== Plurals ==== | ==== Plurals ==== | ||
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| ætatis<br> | | ætatis<br> | ||
| age<ref name="Cussans">John E. Cussans, ''Handbook of Heraldry : With Instructions for Tracing Pedigrees and Deciphering Ancient Mss. : Rules for the Appointment of Liveries &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;c.'' (London: Chatto &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Windus, 1893), 283; digital images, Google Books (http://books.google.com/books?id=G6MrAAAAIAAJ : accessed 28 April 2009).</ref><br> | | age<ref name="Cussans">John E. Cussans, ''Handbook of Heraldry : With Instructions for Tracing Pedigrees and Deciphering Ancient Mss. : Rules for the Appointment of Liveries &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;c.'' (London: Chatto &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Windus, 1893), 283; digital images, Google Books (http://books.google.com/books?id=G6MrAAAAIAAJ : accessed 28 April 2009).</ref><br> | ||
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