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''[[Principles of Family History Research|Principles of Family History Research ]] > Use the Information''<br> | ''[[Principles of Family History Research|Principles of Family History Research ]] > Use the Information''<br> | ||
'''Step 5: Use the information.''' | '''Step 5: Use the information.''' | ||
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You will also be ready to start the process again and return to Step 1 to research another objective or individual. | You will also be ready to start the process again and return to Step 1 to research another objective or individual. | ||
= Evaluate the Evidence = | = Evaluate the Evidence = | ||
Having found one or more records about a person, it is time to evaluate what you found and determine how helpful and reliable it is. For example, a birth date from a birth record is probably more accurate than a birth date derived from a census record. | Having found one or more records about a person, it is time to evaluate what you found and determine how helpful and reliable it is. For example, a birth date from a birth record is probably more accurate than a birth date derived from a census record. | ||
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The first evaluation to make is [[Determining if a source is relevant|whether the record pertains to the person]] or family being searched. For example, the christening record of a person with the right name about the right time may not be the person you are seeking. Be especially careful when dealing with common names in densely populated areas. Review other records of the locality to determine how common the name may have been in that place. | The first evaluation to make is [[Determining if a source is relevant|whether the record pertains to the person]] or family being searched. For example, the christening record of a person with the right name about the right time may not be the person you are seeking. Be especially careful when dealing with common names in densely populated areas. Review other records of the locality to determine how common the name may have been in that place. | ||
== Category of the Record == | == Category of the Record == | ||
Each category of records has to be evaluated differently. Some tend to be more accurate than others. | Each category of records has to be evaluated differently. Some tend to be more accurate than others. | ||
*'''''Original records''''' tend to be more accurate than compiled records. They were written close in time to the events they record. However, on occasion the recorder may have made a mistake. Infrequently an original record is deliberately falsified, such as "back dating" a marriage to account for the early birth of the first child. Even a source recorded close to the time of the event may have errors. | *'''''Original records''''' tend to be more accurate than compiled records. They were written close in time to the events they record. However, on occasion the recorder may have made a mistake. Infrequently an original record is deliberately falsified, such as "back dating" a marriage to account for the early birth of the first child. Even a source recorded close to the time of the event may have errors. | ||
*'''''Compiled records''''' tend to be easier to use and contain more information. However, they represent a gathering and interpretation of information from one or more other sources. The author may not have had enough information to adequately interpret the other sources. On the other hand, the compiler may have known of errors in the other sources and corrected or explained them in the compilation.<br> | *'''''Compiled records''''' tend to be easier to use and contain more information. However, they represent a gathering and interpretation of information from one or more other sources. The author may not have had enough information to adequately interpret the other sources. On the other hand, the compiler may have known of errors in the other sources and corrected or explained them in the compilation.<br> | ||
*'''''Finding aids''''' sometimes contain mistakes which can mislead the researcher, such as wrong page numbers in an index. | *'''''Finding aids''''' sometimes contain mistakes which can mislead the researcher, such as wrong page numbers in an index. | ||
*'''''Background information''''' is sometimes misinterpreted or applied incorrectly to individual cases. For example, just because most immigrants joined friends or relatives in their new country does not mean your ancestor had relatives when he arrived in his new country. | *'''''Background information''''' is sometimes misinterpreted or applied incorrectly to individual cases. For example, just because most immigrants joined friends or relatives in their new country does not mean your ancestor had relatives when he arrived in his new country. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 494px; height: 41px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | | ||
'''Even a source recorded close to the time of the event may have errors.''' | '''Even a source recorded close to the time of the event may have errors.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Format of the Record == | == Format of the Record == | ||
Photographic copies, including microfilm, microfiche, digital, and photocopies are virtually as good as the actual document, although they may sometimes be hard to read. Be on watch for deliberate alterations. Any errors would be the fault of the person who made the record. | Photographic copies, including microfilm, microfiche, digital, and photocopies are virtually as good as the actual document, although they may sometimes be hard to read. Be on watch for deliberate alterations. Any errors would be the fault of the person who made the record. | ||
Copy error may be introduced in the document was transcribed, extracted, or abstracted. If such copies are printed or published, the researcher must also consider possible typographical errors. Generally the further removed the copy is from the actual document, the more errors are likely to have accumulated. See "[[Obtain and Search the Records# | Copy error may be introduced in the document was transcribed, extracted, or abstracted. If such copies are printed or published, the researcher must also consider possible typographical errors. Generally the further removed the copy is from the actual document, the more errors are likely to have accumulated. See "[[Obtain and Search the Records#Formats_of_Records|Formats of Records]]." | ||
== Nature of the Information == | == Nature of the Information == | ||
A key to interpreting information is determining how close in time it was recorded to the event it describes. ''Information'' is the statement(s) of fact(s) in a record, not the record itself. It is either primary or secondary. | A key to interpreting information is determining how close in time it was recorded to the event it describes. ''Information'' is the statement(s) of fact(s) in a record, not the record itself. It is either primary or secondary. | ||
'''''Primary Information''''' was recorded at or near the time of the event by someone closely associated with it. It is usually found in original records. However, ''not'' all information in an original record is "primary." For example, a death record usually contains primary information about the death, but secondary information about the person's birth. If the information does not come from a primary account of the event, consider it suspect. If you cannot determine where the information originated from, it is undocumented, and therefore less reliable information.<br> | '''''Primary Information''''' was recorded at or near the time of the event by someone closely associated with it. It is usually found in original records. However, ''not'' all information in an original record is "primary." For example, a death record usually contains primary information about the death, but secondary information about the person's birth. If the information does not come from a primary account of the event, consider it suspect. If you cannot determine where the information originated from, it is undocumented, and therefore less reliable information.<br> | ||
{| | {| style="width: 221px; height: 34px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Prefer primary information.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*''Origin''. Determine where the information originated. Was the information recorded before you began your search, before any controversy, or before it could be influenced by other information you have found? | *''Origin''. Determine where the information originated. Was the information recorded before you began your search, before any controversy, or before it could be influenced by other information you have found? | ||
== Directness of the Evidence == | == Directness of the Evidence == | ||
The information in a record is contained in a statement that provides either direct or indirect evidence regarding your research objective. | The information in a record is contained in a statement that provides either direct or indirect evidence regarding your research objective. | ||
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'''''Direct statements''''' give a straightforward fact. For example, a baptismal record may state the birth date of the child being baptized. Whenever possible, try to find records which directly state specific facts as proof of a genealogical event or relationship. | '''''Direct statements''''' give a straightforward fact. For example, a baptismal record may state the birth date of the child being baptized. Whenever possible, try to find records which directly state specific facts as proof of a genealogical event or relationship. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 221px; height: 34px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Prefer direct evidence.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''''Indirect statements''''' support a fact by reasonable inference. For example, if a census record lists a person's age as 45 in 1851, it infers a birth in or near 1806. Often you may need to gather more substantial information. For example, a marriage record is evidence a couple was born, but unless it gives the age of the bride or groom, you can only guess at their birth dates. The couple may have been born 16 or 60 years earlier. Indirect (often called circumstantial) evidence usually requires additional evidence to prove a fact. | '''''Indirect statements''''' support a fact by reasonable inference. For example, if a census record lists a person's age as 45 in 1851, it infers a birth in or near 1806. Often you may need to gather more substantial information. For example, a marriage record is evidence a couple was born, but unless it gives the age of the bride or groom, you can only guess at their birth dates. The couple may have been born 16 or 60 years earlier. Indirect (often called circumstantial) evidence usually requires additional evidence to prove a fact. | ||
== Consistency and Clarity of the Facts == | == Consistency and Clarity of the Facts == | ||
As you evaluate the information in the records you found, you must determine how well the facts were recorded. Learn, by comparing the information with other information you have, if the facts are consistent with other facts. Also evaluate if they were clearly recorded. Leaving no ambiguity of meaning and if they suggest other sources to search. | As you evaluate the information in the records you found, you must determine how well the facts were recorded. Learn, by comparing the information with other information you have, if the facts are consistent with other facts. Also evaluate if they were clearly recorded. Leaving no ambiguity of meaning and if they suggest other sources to search. | ||
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'''''Relationships.''''' Does the document state relationships directly, or only suggest them? For example, some census records give the relationship of persons to the head of the household, while others only list all persons living in the home. Relationships may be inferred, but this leaves room for false assumptions. Relationship terms in past years often had different meanings from today, for example, in the 1800s, the father-in-law also meant step-father. | '''''Relationships.''''' Does the document state relationships directly, or only suggest them? For example, some census records give the relationship of persons to the head of the household, while others only list all persons living in the home. Relationships may be inferred, but this leaves room for false assumptions. Relationship terms in past years often had different meanings from today, for example, in the 1800s, the father-in-law also meant step-father. | ||
== Likelihood of Events == | == Likelihood of Events == | ||
Even if the events were clearly recorded, you must also determine if the events described in the records really could have happened. Some events, such as joining the military at the age of ten or twelve, being born on the father's birthday, have a probable inventory show a considerably larger estate for a person than recent tax lists or census records indicated, are less credible than others. Such events are possible, but unlikely. | Even if the events were clearly recorded, you must also determine if the events described in the records really could have happened. Some events, such as joining the military at the age of ten or twelve, being born on the father's birthday, have a probable inventory show a considerably larger estate for a person than recent tax lists or census records indicated, are less credible than others. Such events are possible, but unlikely. | ||
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If the records present an unlikely situation, you may have stumbled across records of two unrelated people with similar names. Evaluate the chronology of the situation: could this event have happened as the record says it did? If a man's will was proven on 28 November 1754 and his death record gives a death date of 15 December of the same year, on of the records is wrong, or dies not pertain to the same person. | If the records present an unlikely situation, you may have stumbled across records of two unrelated people with similar names. Evaluate the chronology of the situation: could this event have happened as the record says it did? If a man's will was proven on 28 November 1754 and his death record gives a death date of 15 December of the same year, on of the records is wrong, or dies not pertain to the same person. | ||
== Establishing Proof == | == Establishing Proof == | ||
Each record and each piece of evidence in a record can be evaluated individually, but ''proof'' is the accumulation of acceptable evidence. Absolute proof is seldom possible, but a sufficient degree of "genealogical proof" should be the goal of each researcher. To genealogically prove a fact, you must find decisive evidence that confirms one view and excludes other reasonable possibilities. You are responsible for determining if the accumulated evidence provides "clear and convincing" proof of a genealogical fact. | Each record and each piece of evidence in a record can be evaluated individually, but ''proof'' is the accumulation of acceptable evidence. Absolute proof is seldom possible, but a sufficient degree of "genealogical proof" should be the goal of each researcher. To genealogically prove a fact, you must find decisive evidence that confirms one view and excludes other reasonable possibilities. You are responsible for determining if the accumulated evidence provides "clear and convincing" proof of a genealogical fact. | ||
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Usually you will want to accept an original record with primary information that provides direct evidence. However, when such a source is not available, or cannot be believed (lacks credibility) because it contradicts other known facts, seek other sources and evaluate them for accuracy. | Usually you will want to accept an original record with primary information that provides direct evidence. However, when such a source is not available, or cannot be believed (lacks credibility) because it contradicts other known facts, seek other sources and evaluate them for accuracy. | ||
=== Clear and convincing evidence === | === Clear and convincing evidence === | ||
Clear and convincing evidence means that the accumulated evidence in favor of a point is so strong that any reasonable person would also make the same conclusions. Sometimes it is not possible to find acceptable records that provide direct evidence. Sometimes the records needed to directly prove a point were not kept or preserved. In such cases, researchers try to accumulate enough evidence from other sources that they can make a statement that is "clear and convincing." Any contradictions should be resolved before connections based on that evidence are accepted. | Clear and convincing evidence means that the accumulated evidence in favor of a point is so strong that any reasonable person would also make the same conclusions. Sometimes it is not possible to find acceptable records that provide direct evidence. Sometimes the records needed to directly prove a point were not kept or preserved. In such cases, researchers try to accumulate enough evidence from other sources that they can make a statement that is "clear and convincing." Any contradictions should be resolved before connections based on that evidence are accepted. | ||
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In most cases, evidence in an original record created closest to the event is most likely to be correct. However, if several credible records (original or compiled) of a later date suggest different information, the evidence that the first record is incorrect may be clear and convincing. Sometimes this is called the preponderance of the evidence. | In most cases, evidence in an original record created closest to the event is most likely to be correct. However, if several credible records (original or compiled) of a later date suggest different information, the evidence that the first record is incorrect may be clear and convincing. Sometimes this is called the preponderance of the evidence. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 358px; height: 40px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Proof is the accumulation of acceptable evidence.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
If the information you need to meet your objective is insufficient (see [[Decide What You Want to Learn# | If the information you need to meet your objective is insufficient (see [[Decide What You Want to Learn#Insufficient_Information|Insufficient Information]]) then you may want to— | ||
*Look for more records of the same kind. | *Look for more records of the same kind. | ||
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Mills, Elizabeth Shown. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1407003&disp=Evidence+explained%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace'']. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 2007. (FHL book 929.1 M625ee) | Mills, Elizabeth Shown. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1407003&disp=Evidence+explained%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace'']. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 2007. (FHL book 929.1 M625ee) | ||
=== Genealogical Proof Standard === | === Genealogical Proof Standard === | ||
Use the five elements of the [[Genealogical Proof Standard|Genealogical Proof Standard]] as a guide to help improve the quality of your research, evaluation of the evidence, and reasoning: | Use the five elements of the [[Genealogical Proof Standard|Genealogical Proof Standard]] as a guide to help improve the quality of your research, evaluation of the evidence, and reasoning: | ||
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Any proof statement is subject to re-evaluation when new evidence arises. | Any proof statement is subject to re-evaluation when new evidence arises. | ||
= Transfer the Information = | = Transfer the Information = | ||
When you find a new source, add the details of what you learn to the family group record. Update the names, dates, places, relationships, and source footnote information. There should be at least one source-footnote for every event on the family group record. In the source-footnote comment field add a brief preliminary evaluation of each source. | When you find a new source, add the details of what you learn to the family group record. Update the names, dates, places, relationships, and source footnote information. There should be at least one source-footnote for every event on the family group record. In the source-footnote comment field add a brief preliminary evaluation of each source. | ||
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'''''[[Adding a Custom Event to a PAF Family Group Record|Add custom events]] to the family group record.''''' Family group records can and should list more than birth, marriage, and death events only. The more events and sources that are listed, the more clues you have to help guide your research to further records. For example, each census, military service, immigration, joining a religion, and having a will proved, all make excellent entries on a family group record. Be sure to cite the source of each. | '''''[[Adding a Custom Event to a PAF Family Group Record|Add custom events]] to the family group record.''''' Family group records can and should list more than birth, marriage, and death events only. The more events and sources that are listed, the more clues you have to help guide your research to further records. For example, each census, military service, immigration, joining a religion, and having a will proved, all make excellent entries on a family group record. Be sure to cite the source of each. | ||
The new information may correct earlier information, answer questions, or pose new questions. Where new information conflicts with what is already on the forms, try to determine which is correct. Use the principles from [[Use the Information# | The new information may correct earlier information, answer questions, or pose new questions. Where new information conflicts with what is already on the forms, try to determine which is correct. Use the principles from [[Use the Information#Evaluate_the_Evidence|Evaluate the Evidence]] to help. You may want to record both pieces of information until you can determine which, if either, is correct. | ||
== Cite Your Sources == | == Cite Your Sources == | ||
Every time you add new information to your forms or database, [[Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)|cite the source of that information]]. You may record sources on the bottom or back of most family group record forms or on an attached sheet. If you are using a computer program, there is usually a field for recording source notes. | Every time you add new information to your forms or database, [[Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)|cite the source of that information]]. You may record sources on the bottom or back of most family group record forms or on an attached sheet. If you are using a computer program, there is usually a field for recording source notes. | ||
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*Enable other family researchers to check you sources for additional information. | *Enable other family researchers to check you sources for additional information. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 297px; height: 54px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Provide enough information so anyone<br>could easily find the source later.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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“FHL film 906828 item 3” | “FHL film 906828 item 3” | ||
“FHL book 974.9 H2ne”<br> | “FHL book 974.9 H2ne”<br> | ||
As you document your findings— | As you document your findings— | ||
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For more information on recording sources and footnote style guides see [[Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)|Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)]]. | For more information on recording sources and footnote style guides see [[Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)|Cite Your Sources (Source Footnotes)]]. | ||
= Organize New Records = | = Organize New Records = | ||
File your newly acquired records and extracts (see [[Identify What You Know# | File your newly acquired records and extracts (see [[Identify What You Know#Organize_Your_Records|Organize Your Records]]). Keep the materials organized so that anyone can find them later. You may want to keep ''copies'' of important extracts and documents with your working papers (pedigree charts, family group records, and research logs) in a loose-leaf notebook. | ||
=== Using a Computer for Genealogy === | === Using a Computer for Genealogy === | ||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="720" align="center" border="1" | ||
|+ '''Using a Computer for Genealogy''' | |+ '''Using a Computer for Genealogy''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#66ffff | | align="left" bgcolor="#66ffff" | You do not have to have a personal computer to keep genealogy records, but it helps! Computer note keeping offers an important advantage. After typing the information once, you can use it repeatedly in many different ways. The same information can be used in pedigrees, family group records and descendancy charts, and is easily shared for other people to use. This flexibility saves time. Reports and charts are easily updated without extensive retyping. A computer program can help you analyze some information by preparing special reports, such as possible errors (for example, children born before parents’ births). However, computers may be expensive and are not as portable as a pencil and paper. | ||
Specially designed computer programs are available to help genealogists more easily compile— | Specially designed computer programs are available to help genealogists more easily compile— | ||
*Lineage-linked databases (files which can be searched by name, date, place, or relationship and which show a person’s ancestors and descendants)<br> | *Lineage-linked databases (files which can be searched by name, date, place, or relationship and which show a person’s ancestors and descendants)<br> | ||
*Reports and charts<br> | *Reports and charts<br> | ||
*Blank forms (for example, research logs)<br> | *Blank forms (for example, research logs)<br> | ||
*Autobiographies and family histories<br> | *Autobiographies and family histories<br> | ||
*Indexes<br> | *Indexes<br> | ||
*Transcriptions of records such as censuses | *Transcriptions of records such as censuses | ||
When selecting computer programs to help with genealogical note keeping, consider these factors: | When selecting computer programs to help with genealogical note keeping, consider these factors: | ||
*Does it enable you to create a lineage-linked database and to print the reports and charts you want?<br> | *Does it enable you to create a lineage-linked database and to print the reports and charts you want?<br> | ||
*Does the program communicate and work well with New FamilySearch?<br> | *Does the program communicate and work well with New FamilySearch?<br> | ||
*Does the program support GEDCOM? (Genealogical Data COMmunications) so you can easily send and receive genealogical information and contribute to Ancestral File?<br> | *Does the program support GEDCOM? (Genealogical Data COMmunications) so you can easily send and receive genealogical information and contribute to Ancestral File?<br> | ||
*Does the publisher have a good record of answering user questions and helping to solve problems?<br> | *Does the publisher have a good record of answering user questions and helping to solve problems?<br> | ||
*Is it easy to use?<br> | *Is it easy to use?<br> | ||
*Is the price reasonable?<br> | *Is the price reasonable?<br> | ||
*Does the program offer all the features and capabilities you want? | *Does the program offer all the features and capabilities you want? | ||
Two helpful reviews of dozens of genealogy programs are on the Internet at: | Two helpful reviews of dozens of genealogy programs are on the Internet at: | ||
*“Best Genealogy Software” ConsumerSearch at http://www.consumersearch.com/www/software/genealogy-software/ [cited 5 April 2008].<br> | *“Best Genealogy Software” ConsumerSearch at http://www.consumersearch.com/www/software/genealogy-software/ [cited 5 April 2008].<br> | ||
*“Genealogy Software Reviews, Ratings, and Comparisons” About.com:Genealogy at http://genealogy.about.com/od/software_reviews/ [cited 5 April 2008]<br> | *“Genealogy Software Reviews, Ratings, and Comparisons” About.com:Genealogy at http://genealogy.about.com/od/software_reviews/ [cited 5 April 2008]<br> | ||
|} | |} | ||
= Share the Information = | = Share the Information = | ||
Researchers benefit greatly from the work of earlier researchers. Often several researchers are interested in the same ancestors. Because researchers rely so heavily on the findings of others, sharing information is the way to return the favor. | Researchers benefit greatly from the work of earlier researchers. Often several researchers are interested in the same ancestors. Because researchers rely so heavily on the findings of others, sharing information is the way to return the favor. | ||
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[[Sharing: a good way to FIND ancestors|Sharing is also a great way to ''find'' ancestors]]. Sharing leads to collaboration between researchers. Cousins will begin to contact you asking for more information. Sometimes the questions they ask will result in work that leads to new information. Once in awhile they will donate the new information directly to you. | [[Sharing: a good way to FIND ancestors|Sharing is also a great way to ''find'' ancestors]]. Sharing leads to collaboration between researchers. Cousins will begin to contact you asking for more information. Sometimes the questions they ask will result in work that leads to new information. Once in awhile they will donate the new information directly to you. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 296px; height: 43px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Sharing is a good way to FIND ancestors.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
In genealogical research, it may never be possible to "verify" all information, but we can have high confidence in research that is thorough and reasonable. Such efforts produce quality sources and benefit the genealogical community. Sharing is a way to vet your research. It gives your fellow researchers an opportunity to offer suggestions and add new information. | In genealogical research, it may never be possible to "verify" all information, but we can have high confidence in research that is thorough and reasonable. Such efforts produce quality sources and benefit the genealogical community. Sharing is a way to vet your research. It gives your fellow researchers an opportunity to offer suggestions and add new information. | ||
If you are using a computer program for your genealogical record keeping, be sure it supports GEDCOM (see [[Use the Information# | If you are using a computer program for your genealogical record keeping, be sure it supports GEDCOM (see [[Use the Information#Using_a_Computer_for_Genealogy|Using a Computer for Genealogy]]) so that you can share your information with others. | ||
== Family == | == Family == | ||
Share your newly discovered information with family members who provided information and with others who may be interested. A family reunion or family newsletter can be an excellent way to share information and help locate others who are interested in your family history. | Share your newly discovered information with family members who provided information and with others who may be interested. A family reunion or family newsletter can be an excellent way to share information and help locate others who are interested in your family history. | ||
== Online Databases Like New FamilySearch == | == Online Databases Like New FamilySearch == | ||
Another important way to share your findings is with large online genealogical databases. Some charge, others are free. For example: | Another important way to share your findings is with large online genealogical databases. Some charge, others are free. For example: | ||
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*[http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/wfttop.html World Family Tree] | *[http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/wfttop.html World Family Tree] | ||
'''''New FamilySearch.''''' You can also help improve the information displayed in New FamilySearch. This huge Internet database is a combination of the International Genealogical Index, Ancestral File, Pedigree Resource File, and several other large genealogical databases. There are several ways to help—<br> | '''''New FamilySearch.''''' You can also help improve the information displayed in New FamilySearch. This huge Internet database is a combination of the International Genealogical Index, Ancestral File, Pedigree Resource File, and several other large genealogical databases. There are several ways to help—<br> | ||
*'''''Clean up''''' the files already on display. This includes merging varying data entries for the same person, and getting the best data out front. At the moment, the LDS temple ordinance data is especially in need of careful merging and tender loving care.<br> | *'''''Clean up''''' the files already on display. This includes merging varying data entries for the same person, and getting the best data out front. At the moment, the LDS temple ordinance data is especially in need of careful merging and tender loving care.<br> | ||
*'''''Add source documentation.''''' Now is not the best time, but eventually there will be a better way to add source footnotes to the data. | *'''''Add source documentation.''''' Now is not the best time, but eventually there will be a better way to add source footnotes to the data. | ||
*'''''Contribute new information.''''' Again, now is not the best time, but the day will come when new data will be easier to submit. | *'''''Contribute new information.''''' Again, now is not the best time, but the day will come when new data will be easier to submit. | ||
== Put Up a Genealogy Web Page == | == Put Up a Genealogy Web Page == | ||
Sharing genealogy on your own Internet website is a relatively easy and inexpensive way to publish your findings. Genealogical record keeping software like ''Personal Ancestral File'' can help you generate the material for your genealogy Internet site. Then all you have to do is find a web server host. For suggestions on these and other details see [[Create a genealogy web page|Create a Genealogy Web Page]]. | Sharing genealogy on your own Internet website is a relatively easy and inexpensive way to publish your findings. Genealogical record keeping software like ''Personal Ancestral File'' can help you generate the material for your genealogy Internet site. Then all you have to do is find a web server host. For suggestions on these and other details see [[Create a genealogy web page|Create a Genealogy Web Page]]. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 455px; height: 43px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''An Internet website is an inexpensive way to share your findings.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Write a Family History == | == Write a Family History == | ||
Your family's history can be a source of enjoyment and education for your family. [[Writing Your Family and Personal History|Writing your family history]] can be an effective way to evaluate, analyze, and organize your findings. | Your family's history can be a source of enjoyment and education for your family. [[Writing Your Family and Personal History|Writing your family history]] can be an effective way to evaluate, analyze, and organize your findings. | ||
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Gouldrup, Lawrence P. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=591778&disp=Writing+the+family+narrative%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Writing the Family Narrative'']. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1987. (FHL book 929.1 G738w) | Gouldrup, Lawrence P. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=591778&disp=Writing+the+family+narrative%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Writing the Family Narrative'']. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1987. (FHL book 929.1 G738w) | ||
Other books about writing a family history are listed in the [[Use the Information# | Other books about writing a family history are listed in the [[Use the Information#For_Further_Reading|For Further Reading]] section of this outline and in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under— | ||
GENEALOGY – METHODOLOGY | GENEALOGY – METHODOLOGY | ||
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Barnes, Donald R. and Richard S. Lackey. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=439020&disp=Write+it+right%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Write It Right: A Manual for Writing Family Histories and Genealogy'']. Ocala, Fla.: Lyon Press, 1983. (FHL book 929.1 B261b) | Barnes, Donald R. and Richard S. Lackey. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=439020&disp=Write+it+right%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Write It Right: A Manual for Writing Family Histories and Genealogy'']. Ocala, Fla.: Lyon Press, 1983. (FHL book 929.1 B261b) | ||
== Participate in a Family or Surname Association == | == Participate in a Family or Surname Association == | ||
Others may be searching for the same families you are researching or may have found information they wish to share. A family or surname association can be an excellent way to communicate with interested persons. Family associations often focus on the descendants of a specific person or couple while surname organizations are interested in all those sharing a specific surname. Such associations can also provide funding and support for further research. They often hold reunions or publish newsletters where information is readily shared. | Others may be searching for the same families you are researching or may have found information they wish to share. A family or surname association can be an excellent way to communicate with interested persons. Family associations often focus on the descendants of a specific person or couple while surname organizations are interested in all those sharing a specific surname. Such associations can also provide funding and support for further research. They often hold reunions or publish newsletters where information is readily shared. | ||
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Contact other interested family members and seek others with the surname of interest in computerized phone directories. | Contact other interested family members and seek others with the surname of interest in computerized phone directories. | ||
== Donate Your Files == | == Donate Your Files == | ||
On occasion it may not be possible to publish your findings. If you have a significant amount of printed or manuscript material about a family, an archive or historical society may be interested in your files. Be sure they are well organized so others can find information in the collection. If possible, index your materials. | On occasion it may not be possible to publish your findings. If you have a significant amount of printed or manuscript material about a family, an archive or historical society may be interested in your files. Be sure they are well organized so others can find information in the collection. If possible, index your materials. | ||
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When the temple ordinances are completed for your ancestor, that information will be added to the [[International Genealogical Index (IGI)|''International Genealogical Index'']] (but not to [[Ancestral File|''Ancestral File'']] or [[Pedigree Resource File|''Pedigree Resource File'']]). This central file of completed temple ordinances helps limit duplication of research and ordinances and allows researchers to know what work has already been done. It is an excellent way to share the results of your research. | When the temple ordinances are completed for your ancestor, that information will be added to the [[International Genealogical Index (IGI)|''International Genealogical Index'']] (but not to [[Ancestral File|''Ancestral File'']] or [[Pedigree Resource File|''Pedigree Resource File'']]). This central file of completed temple ordinances helps limit duplication of research and ordinances and allows researchers to know what work has already been done. It is an excellent way to share the results of your research. | ||
For instructions on how to submit names for temple work, see ''A Member's Guide to Temple and Family History Work'' (94697), available from your ward family history consultant or [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/FHC/frameset_fhc.asp family history center]. To see this guide on the Internet, [http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=7b2a5f74db46c010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=9b958c8fd6c20110VgnVCM100000176f620a____ click here].<br> | For instructions on how to submit names for temple work, see ''A Member's Guide to Temple and Family History Work'' (94697), available from your ward family history consultant or [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/FHC/frameset_fhc.asp family history center]. To see this guide on the Internet, [http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=7b2a5f74db46c010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=9b958c8fd6c20110VgnVCM100000176f620a____ click here].<br> | ||
= Restart the Research Cycle = | = Restart the Research Cycle = | ||
Ongoing genealogical research is the process of repeating, cycle after cycle, the fivesteps of the research discussed in this article. With each cycle you should have succeeded in meeting one or more research objectives, but to fulfill your goals, and ultimately your quest, you will want to go back through the cycle numerous times. Returning to Step 1, you can further evaluate what you now have and if family members can provide any more information. Then you can move right into a new research objective in Step 2. | Ongoing genealogical research is the process of repeating, cycle after cycle, the fivesteps of the research discussed in this article. With each cycle you should have succeeded in meeting one or more research objectives, but to fulfill your goals, and ultimately your quest, you will want to go back through the cycle numerous times. Returning to Step 1, you can further evaluate what you now have and if family members can provide any more information. Then you can move right into a new research objective in Step 2. | ||
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'''Sharpen the Saw. '''Don't neglect your genealogical education. Take and teach classes, read and write articles in wikis, periodicals, and books, and visit ancestral stomping grounds. Strive to understand the culture, the community, and the families you are researching. Continue to look for new and better ways to find ancestors. | '''Sharpen the Saw. '''Don't neglect your genealogical education. Take and teach classes, read and write articles in wikis, periodicals, and books, and visit ancestral stomping grounds. Strive to understand the culture, the community, and the families you are researching. Continue to look for new and better ways to find ancestors. | ||
{| | {| style="width: 232px; height: 43px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center" border="1" | ||
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| bgcolor="#ffff99 | | align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | '''Take time to sharpen the saw.''' | ||
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Epstein, Ellen Robinson and Rona Mendelsohn. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=457053&disp=Record+and+remember%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Record and Remember: Tracing Your Roots Through Oral History'']. New York: Monarch, 1978. (FHL book 929.1 Ep85r) | Epstein, Ellen Robinson and Rona Mendelsohn. [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=457053&disp=Record+and+remember%20%20&columns=*,0,0 ''Record and Remember: Tracing Your Roots Through Oral History'']. New York: Monarch, 1978. (FHL book 929.1 Ep85r) | ||
{{Principles}} <br> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Use the Information]] [[Category:Research_Analysis]] | ||