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=== Route === | === Route === | ||
There may have been | There may have been several variations of the Catskill Road. New York State historical roadside markers show Ancram was connected by old turnpikes both to (a) Barrington, Massachusetts via Hillsdale (Nobletown), New York, and to (b) Salisbury, Connecticut.<ref>"36 Old Turnpike Road" and "37 Turnpike Road" in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_York_State_Historic_Markers_in_Columbia_County,_New_York List of New York State Historic Markers in Columbia County, New York] in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 21 October 2014).</ref> Therefore, immigrants from Springfield could have chosen two main routes of similar length to arrive at Catskill: | ||
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[[Image:NY MA CT.png|right|400px|NY MA CT.png]]Eastern New York and western Massachusetts/Connecticut had a network of interconnected roads that helped the people of New England and New York City to reach central New York.<br><br> | |||
'''New York main routes west''' moving New Englanders into central New York (listed north to south) | |||
*'''''[[Erie Canal]] ''''' from Albany, NY to Buffalo, NY; opened 1825.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Erie Canal" in ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Canal (accessed 24 June 2009).</ref> | |||
*'''''[[Mohawk or Iroquois Trail]] ''''' from Albany, NY to Fort Oswego, NY; opened 1722.<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 851. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}.</ref> <ref name="Oswego">Wikipedia contributors, "Fort Oswego" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego (accessed 2 July 2011).</ref> <ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tqpeiffer/Documents/Ancestral%20Migration%20Archives/Migration%20Webpage%20Folder/Northeast%20U.S.%20Migration%20Routes.htm#_NAME_%28M%29 Mohawk Trail] in ''Routes in the Northeastern United States: Historic Trail, Roads, and Migration Routes'' in RootsWeb (accessed 6 October 2014).</ref> | |||
*'''''[[Catskill Turnpike]] ''''' (aka '''Susquehannah Turnpike ''') from Catskill, NY to Unadilla, NY; route travelled by Europeans by 1792; toll booths opened by 1804.<ref name="LOTNY">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_turnpikes_in_New_York List of turnpikes in New York] in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 1 November 2014).</ref> <ref>Almira E Morgan, ''The Catskill Turnpike: A Wilderness Path'' (Ithaca, N.Y.: DeWitt Historical Society of Thompkins County, 1971). [http://tcpl.org/local-history/documents/nys-cny/Catskill_Turnpike.pdf Online digital copy].</ref> <ref>Anastassia Zinke, [http://www.catskillmtn.org/guide-magazine/articles/2001-11-the-susquehanna-turnpike-and-america-s-frontier-history.html The Susquehanna Turnpike and America's Frontier History] in ''Catskill Mountain Foundation'' (accessed 1 November 2014).</ref> <ref>Joan Odess, [http://www.dcha-ny.org/turnpike.pdf The Susquehanna Turnpike] (pdf accessed 1 November 2014).</ref> | |||
:*'''New York feeders''' from Massachusetts / Connecticut connected to NY main routes west | |||
::*'''''Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike ''''' from ''Massachusetts 10th Turnpike '' at New Lebanon, NY (Pittsfield, MA) to Rensselaer, NY (Albany, NY); opened 1799; now US-20.<ref name="LOTNY" /> | |||
::*'''''Hillsdale and Chatham Turnpike ''''' from the ''Alford and Egremont Turnpike '' at Alford, MA to Albany, NY; opened 1805.<ref name="LOTNY" /> <ref>Frederic J. Wood, ''The Turnpikes of New England and the Evolution of the Same Through England, Virginia, and Maryland'' (Boston: Marshall Jones, 1919), 168. [https://archive.org/stream/turnpikesofnewen00woodrich#page/79/mode/1up Internet Archive version online].</ref> | |||
::*'''''Columbia Turnpike ''''' from the ''Massachusetts 12th Turnpike '' '''and''' ''Great Barrington and Alford Turnpike '' at Hillsdale, NY (Egremont, MA) to Hudson, NY (Catskill, NY); opened 1799; now NY-23.<ref name="LOTNY" /> | |||
::*'''''Ancram Turnpike ''''' from the ''Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike '' at Millerton, NY to Catskill, NY; opened 1805; now NY-82.<ref name="Huntt">Isaac Huntting, ''History of the Little Nine Partners of North East Precinct and Pine Plains, New York, Dutchess County'' (Amenia, NY: Chas. Walsh, 1897), 99-101. [http://books.google.com/books?id=hJwvAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=History%20of%20the%20Little%20Nine%20Partners&amp;source=gbs_similarbooks Google Book edition]</ref> | |||
::*'''''Ulster and Delaware Turnpike ''''' from the ''Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike '' at Millerton, NY (Salisbury, CT) to Rhinebeck, NY (Kingston, NY), continuing west to the [[Catskill Turnpike]] at Bainbridge, NY; opened 1802; now NY-199.<ref name="LOTNY" /> <ref name="Huntt" /><br> | |||
:*'''Massachusetts feeders''' connected to New York feeders | |||
::*'''''Massachusetts 10th Turnpike ''''' from ''Connecticut Turnpike '' at Sandisfield, MA to the ''Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike '' at Hancock, MA (New Lebanon, NY); toll booths open 1800 to 1854; now US-202 and US-20.<ref>Wood, map between pages 56 and 57, and pages 76-78.</ref> | |||
::*'''''Housatonic River Turnpike ''''' from the ''Massachusetts 10th Turnpike '' to the ''Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike '' at West Strockbridge, MA (Hillsdale, NY); toll booths open 1809 to 1853; now in part MA-102.<ref>Wood, map between pages 56 and 57, and pages 166-67.</ref> | |||
::*'''''Alford and Egremont Turnpike ''''' from the ''Massachusetts 12th Turnpike '' at Egremont, MA to the ''Hillsdale and Chatham Turnpike '' at Alford, MA (Hillsdale, NY); toll booths open 1812 to 1842; now MA-71.<ref>Wood, map between pages 56 and 57, and page 168.</ref> | |||
::*'''''Great Barrington and Alford Turnpike ''''' from the ''Massachusetts 15th Turnpike '' at Great Barrington, MA to the ''Columbia Turnpike '' at Alford, MA (Hillsdale, NY); toll booths open from 1812 to 1846; now MA-23.<ref>Wood, map between pages 56 and 57, and pages 186-87.</ref> | |||
::*'''''Massachusetts 12th Turnpike ''''' from Sheffied, MA (North Canaan, CT) to the ''Columbia Turnpike '' at Egremont, MA (Hillsdale, NY); toll booths open from 1803 to 1857; now US-7 and MA-41.<ref>Wood, map between pages 56 and 57, and page 80.</ref><br> | |||
:*'''Connecticut feeders''' connected to New York feeders | |||
::*'''''Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike ''''' from Huntsville, CT to the ''Ancram Turnpike '' and the ''Ulster and Dalaware Turnpike '' at Salisburty, CT (Millerton, NY); traveled by Europeans by 1744, toll booths open from 1801 to 1829; now CT-126 and US-44.<ref>Wood, 363-64.</ref> <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Route_126 Connectiuct Route 126] in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 3 November 2014).</ref> <ref>"Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike" in [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tqpeiffer/Documents/Ancestral%20Migration%20Archives/Migration%20Webpage%20Folder/Northeast%20U.S.%20Migration%20Routes.htm Routes in the Northeastern United States: Historic Trails, Roads, and Migration Routes] in ''RootsWeb'' (accessed 3 November 2014).</ref><br> | |||
'''Connecting Routes'''. The Catskill Road connected with several other migration routes: | '''Connecting Routes'''. The Catskill Road connected with several other migration routes: | ||