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Correct spellings of "Liste di Estrazione" to "Liste d'Estrazione" and capitalize words in titles
m (Correct language in paragraph following images of "Title Page and Two-Page Spread of a Lista di Estrazione.") |
(Correct spellings of "Liste di Estrazione" to "Liste d'Estrazione" and capitalize words in titles) |
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The military records that are most useful to family history researchers are described below. | The military records that are most useful to family history researchers are described below. | ||
== Conscription Records ['' | == Conscription Records [''Liste di Leva''] and Draft Records [''Liste d'Estrazione].'' == | ||
Since the creation of the Italian state in the 1860s, all Italian males, subject to certain exceptions, have been subject to military duty. Training would begin at an early age and would continue throughout the life of the Italian male.The points in time of interest to us in this present discussion are (1) that point in time at the beginnning of the three ''premilitari ''years, which occurs at age 18 and continues to age 21 and (2) that point in time at the beginning of the period of military service itself, beginning at age 21.<br> | Since the creation of the Italian state in the 1860s, all Italian males, subject to certain exceptions, have been subject to military duty. Training would begin at an early age and would continue throughout the life of the Italian male.The points in time of interest to us in this present discussion are (1) that point in time at the beginnning of the three ''premilitari ''years, which occurs at age 18 and continues to age 21 and (2) that point in time at the beginning of the period of military service itself, beginning at age 21.<br> | ||
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Lista di leva title page (sample) | Lista di leva title page (sample) | ||
[[Image:Lista di Leva sample 01 (title page).jpg|thumb|center|150x200px]] | [[Image:Lista di Leva sample 01 (title page).jpg|thumb|center|150x200px|Lista di Leva sample 01 (title page).jpg]] | ||
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Lista di leva two-page spread (sample) | Lista di leva two-page spread (sample) | ||
[[Image:Lista di Leva sample 02 (typical page spread).jpg|thumb|center|300x200px]] | [[Image:Lista di Leva sample 02 (typical page spread).jpg|thumb|center|300x200px|Lista di Leva sample 02 (typical page spread).jpg]] | ||
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<br> '''Liste | <br> '''Liste d'Estrazione.''' Then when a male became eligible at age twenty-one years of age, the draft board (''consiglio di leva'') would examine the man to determine his physical condition and the results of his premilitary training and in connection with that examination would compile (again on a year-by-year basis) a listing of those who were determined to be physically, mentally, and legally eligible to be drafted, or exempted therefrom. (For example the third or fourth son of a family whose older brothers had already served in the military was often exempted, as were sole-surviving sons.) The young man had to be present for the examination or could be represented by someone (usually a parent) to document why the young man should not be drafted.This listing is the ''lista d'estrazione.'' The ''liste d'estrazione'' show the man's name; his parents' names; his community of domicile; his date and place of birth; his community of residence; his occupation, profession, or craft; an indication whether he was included in an earlier listing; the results of an examination of him by the draft commssioner (stating his height, giving a declaration of any inability to serve, and a statement of any commissioner decision concerning any inability to serve); the results of a final examination of him by the draft board (its decision and the date thereof). If the draftee had emigrated, the date and destination are noted. Examples of a title page and of a typical two-page spread in a ''lista di estrazione'', showing five typical entries, appears immediately below.'''<br> ''' | ||
{| width="600" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" summary="Lista di Estrazione of the mandamento of Cicagna in the circondario di Chavari for males born in 1849 and registered in 1870" | {| width="600" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" summary="Lista di Estrazione of the mandamento of Cicagna in the circondario di Chavari for males born in 1849 and registered in 1870" | ||
|+ '''Title Page and Two-Page Spread of a Lista | |+ '''Title Page and Two-Page Spread of a Lista d'Estrazione''' | ||
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Lista | Lista d'estrazione title page (sample) | ||
[[Image:Lista di Estrazione sample 01 (title page) (1).jpg|thumb|center|150x200px]] | [[Image:Lista di Estrazione sample 01 (title page) (1).jpg|thumb|center|150x200px|Lista di Estrazione sample 01 (title page) (1).jpg]] | ||
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Lista | Lista d'estrazione two-page spread (sample) | ||
[[Image:Lista di Estrazione sample 02 (typical page spread) (1).jpg|thumb|center|300x200px]] | [[Image:Lista di Estrazione sample 02 (typical page spread) (1).jpg|thumb|center|300x200px|Lista di Estrazione sample 02 (typical page spread) (1).jpg]] | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
Young men had no right to emigrate from Italy before the age of 18 unless the whole family had departed. From the list of all males eligible for the draft, a certain amount of young men were called (extracted) to actually serve the draft. This depended on eligibility and the number necessary to fulfill the draft quota of the Italian State. Therefore, the ''liste | Young men had no right to emigrate from Italy before the age of 18 unless the whole family had departed. From the list of all males eligible for the draft, a certain amount of young men were called (extracted) to actually serve the draft. This depended on eligibility and the number necessary to fulfill the draft quota of the Italian State. Therefore, the ''liste d'estrazioni'' set forth the names of those draft-eligible men who were actually drafted or exempted. If a young man did not present himself for the draft and was not represented at the draft call he could be declared eligible and labelled as a deserter or accounted for because of an exemption. This happened at times to those who legally emigrated to North or South America and also to those who illegally emigrated and who did not return because they could be imprisioned for draft evasion. | ||
Therefore, in essence the ''liste di leva'' are listings of all young men who had reached eighteen years of age and in essence the ''liste | Therefore, in essence the ''liste di leva'' are listings of all young men who had reached eighteen years of age and in essence the ''liste d'estrazione'', also called ''liste di arruolamento'', are listings of those who at age 21 were declared eligible to enter into military service or who were exempted from military service. The preparation of ''liste di leva'' was eliminated in 1923 and thereafter only those of ''estrazione ''were prepared. | ||
=== Draftee Curriculum of Service Record ['' | === Draftee Curriculum of Service Record [''Registro dei Fogli Matricolari'']. === | ||
These records include details of the young man’s military service, including such items as promotions. | These records include details of the young man’s military service, including such items as promotions. | ||
=== Discharge Records ['' | === Discharge Records [''Foglio di Congedo Illimitato'']. === | ||
These records prove a soldier’s discharge from military service. They include birth information, parents’ names, physical description, vocation, and educational information. They also give information regarding the date and place of draft, length of service, transfers, campaigns, medals, and wounds. One copy was given to the soldier, and one copy was kept in his file. | These records prove a soldier’s discharge from military service. They include birth information, parents’ names, physical description, vocation, and educational information. They also give information regarding the date and place of draft, length of service, transfers, campaigns, medals, and wounds. One copy was given to the soldier, and one copy was kept in his file. | ||
=== Service Records ['' | === Service Records [''Registro di Ruolo'']. === | ||
These also contain details of the man’s military service. | These also contain details of the man’s military service. | ||