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*'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British | *'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British | ||
*'''1800: '''"Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place. | *'''1800: '''"Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place. | ||
*'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, Return J. Meigs, lived among the Cherokee. | *'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_J._Meigs,_Sr. Return J. Meigs], lived among the Cherokee. | ||
*'''1806:''' a Federal road from Savannah, Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee was built through Cherokee land. | *'''1806:''' a Federal road from Savannah, Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee was built through Cherokee land. | ||
*'''1816:''' Lovely's Purchase. [[Osage Indians|Osage]] agreed to cede land in Arkansas to the United States for the Cherokee people. | *'''1816:''' [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/I/IN018.html Lovely's Purchase]. [[Osage Indians|Osage]] agreed to cede land in Arkansas to the United States for the Cherokee people. | ||
*'''1817:''' "Turkey Town Treaty" finalized the exchange for land in [[Indians of Arkansas|Arkansas]]. The "Old Settlers" begin their migration. | *'''1817:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkeytown "Turkey Town Treaty"] finalized the exchange for land in [[Indians of Arkansas|Arkansas]]. The "Old Settlers" begin their migration. | ||
*'''1819-1821:''' Sequoyah (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet. | *'''1819-1821:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoyah Sequoyah] (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet. | ||
*'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution | *'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution | ||
*'''1828:''' [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]] held a lottery for Cherokee lands. | *'''1828:''' [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]] held a lottery for Cherokee lands. | ||
*'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | *'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | ||
*'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | *'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | ||
*'''1838: '''First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died | *'''1838: '''First Group; Start of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears Trail of Tears], 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died | ||
*Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following '''districts''' or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah | *Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following '''districts''' or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah | ||
*'''1861:''' Beginning of the [[American Indians in the Civil War|Civil War]]. A treaty was signed between the Cherokee Nation and the Confederate government. | *'''1861:''' Beginning of the [[American Indians in the Civil War|Civil War]]. A treaty was signed between the Cherokee Nation and the Confederate government. | ||
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*'''1865:<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1271186596656_863" /> '''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic | *'''1865:<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1271186596656_863" /> '''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic | ||
*'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]]. Indians living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation.The treaty also gave emancipation to all the Cherokee slaves. and citizenship to the Cherokee freedmen. <br> | *'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]]. Indians living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation.The treaty also gave emancipation to all the Cherokee slaves. and citizenship to the Cherokee freedmen. <br> | ||
*'''1887:''' General[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment Act]] passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people. | *'''1887:''' General [[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment Act]] passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people. | ||
*'''1889:''' Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. ([[Oklahoma Land and Property|Oklahoma Land Rush]]) | *'''1889:''' Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. ([[Oklahoma Land and Property|Oklahoma Land Rush]]) | ||
*'''1893:''' Cherokee | *'''1893:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet Cherokee Outlet] was opened for white settlers. | ||
*'''1898:''' The Curtis Act dismantled tribal governments. | *'''1898:''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898 Curtis Act] dismantled tribal governments. | ||
*'''1906:''' A final agreement was reached between the federal government and the Cherokee people.The [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]] (all [[Five Civilized Tribes]]: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cree and Seminole) created the enrollment records. | *'''1906:''' A final agreement was reached between the federal government and the Cherokee people.The [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]] (all [[Five Civilized Tribes]]: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cree and Seminole) created the enrollment records. | ||
*'''1907:''' Oklahoma became the 46th State. | *'''1907:''' Oklahoma became the 46th State. | ||
*Cherokee Nation divided into '''ten counties''': Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Maynes, Nowata, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, and Washington | *Cherokee Nation divided into '''ten counties''': Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Maynes, Nowata, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, and Washington | ||
*'''1909:''' [[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller Rolls]], Cherokee only, who applied for a share of the money from a law suit settlement against the United States | *'''1909:''' [[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller Rolls]], Cherokee only, who applied for a share of the money from a law suit settlement against the United States | ||
*'''1953:''' U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle.It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br> | *'''1953:''' U.S. Congress began a new policy of [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/t/te014.html termination] for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/t/te014.html relocation ]program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle.It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br> | ||
*'''1968:''' Indian Civil Rights Act restored the right to hold popular elections. | *'''1968:''' [http://www.tribal-institute.org/lists/icra1968.htm Indian Civil Rights Act] restored the right to hold popular elections. | ||
'''Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands''' | '''Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands''' | ||
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*'''1835''' [http://hometown.aol.com Cherokee Nation] | *'''1835''' [http://hometown.aol.com Cherokee Nation] | ||
*1835 Henderson Roll (Eastern Cherokee) (most detailed census) enumerated 16,000 Cherokees residing in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee. | *1835 [[www.accessgenealogy.com/native/1835-henderson-roll|Henderson Roll]] (Eastern Cherokee) (most detailed census) enumerated 16,000 Cherokees residing in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee. | ||
*1835,1837,1838 Cherokee Muster Rolls (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee) {{FHL|908999|disp=Film: 908999}} Item 2 | *1835,1837,1838 Cherokee Muster Rolls (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee) {{FHL|908999|disp=Film: 908999}} Item 2 | ||
*1848 Mullay Roll Census of Cherokees remaining in North Carolina. | *1848 [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=387&Itemid=582 Mullay Roll] Census of Cherokees remaining in North Carolina. | ||
*'''1851''' [http://www.tngennet.org/cherokee_by_blood/chapman.htm Chapman Roll] | *'''1851''' [http://www.tngennet.org/cherokee_by_blood/chapman.htm Chapman Roll] | ||
*1851 Drennen Roll (Eastern Cherokees who came west after 1835) {{FHL|924606|disp=Film: 924606}} item 5 | *1851 [http://www.fold3.com/browse.php#1|h0ytupYXi1A5w-A6DMsEURExX Drennen Roll] (Eastern Cherokees who came west after 1835) {{FHL|924606|disp=Film: 924606}} item 5 | ||
*'''1851 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/settlers.php Old Settler Roll] (A list of Cherokee still living in1851 who lived in Indian Territory before 1839) | *'''1851 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/settlers.php Old Settler Roll] (A list of Cherokee still living in1851 who lived in Indian Territory before 1839) | ||
*1851 Siler Roll, list of Eastern Cherokees entitled to payments per the 1835 | *1851 Siler Roll, list of Eastern Cherokees entitled to payments per the 1835 | ||
*'''1852 '''Siler Roll [http://members.aol.com http://members.aol.com] {{FHL|970.3 C424sd|disp=Book: 970.3 C424sd }} | *'''1852 '''Siler Roll [http://members.aol.com http://members.aol.com] {{FHL|970.3 C424sd|disp=Book: 970.3 C424sd }} | ||
*1852: Chapman Roll, suppliment to the Siler Roll | *1852: [http://www.fold3.com/browse.php#1|h0ytupYXi1A5w-A6DMsEURExX Chapman Roll,] suppliment to the Siler Roll | ||
*'''1854''' Roll Cherokee Indians prepared by Mallay [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] | *'''1854''' Roll Cherokee Indians prepared by Mallay [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] | ||
*1867 Powell Roll, census of North Carolina Cherokees entitled to annuity payments | *1867 Powell Roll, census of North Carolina Cherokees entitled to annuity payments | ||
*1869 Swetland Roll updated the Mullay Roll made to facilitate removal payments | *1869 [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=387&Itemid=582 Swetland Roll] updated the Mullay Roll made to facilitate removal payments | ||
*'''1880''' Cherokee Census [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] {{FHL|989204|disp=Film: 989204}} | *'''1880''' Cherokee Census [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] {{FHL|989204|disp=Film: 989204}} | ||
*1884 Hester Roll census of the remaining Eastern Cherokees in 1883 | *1884 [http://www.fold3.com/browse.php#1|h0ytupYXi1A5w-A6DjleGcwGQ Hester Roll] census of the remaining Eastern Cherokees in 1883 | ||
*'''1890 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wallace.php Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen] (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship) | *'''1890 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wallace.php Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen] (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship) | ||
*1890 Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FHL|1009060|disp=FHL film: 1009060}} item 5 | *1890 Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FHL|1009060|disp=FHL film: 1009060}} item 5 | ||
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=== '''Removal''' === | === '''Removal''' === | ||
The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river. | The [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Indian.html Indian Removal Act] was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river. | ||
*Cherokee Emigration Rolls, 1817-1835. by Jack D. Baker. {{FHL|58571|item|disp= FHL Book: 970.3 C424be}} | *Cherokee Emigration Rolls, 1817-1835. by Jack D. Baker. {{FHL|58571|item|disp= FHL Book: 970.3 C424be}} | ||
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'''Cherokee''' | '''Cherokee''' | ||
Georgia | Georgia [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-r-gilmer-1790-1859 Governor: Gilmer], | ||
Gen. Winfield Scott | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott Gen. Winfield Scott] | ||
Gen. Nat Smith | Gen. Nat Smith | ||
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[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/che0439.htm New Echota] December 29,1835 | [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/che0439.htm New Echota] December 29,1835 | ||
Indian Leaders: | '''Indian Leaders:''' | ||
Chief John Jolly, | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jolly Chief John Jolly], | ||
John Ridge, Going Snake, Chief John Ross, | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridge John Ridge], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goingsnake Going Snake], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ross_%28Cherokee_chief%29 Chief John Ross], | ||
Nocowee, John Martin, | Nocowee, John Martin,[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8078912 William Shorey Coodey], | ||
John Walker Jr., James Starr, | John Walker Jr., James Starr, | ||
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Rev. Jesse Bushyhead, Rev. Evan Jones, | Rev. Jesse Bushyhead, Rev. Evan Jones, | ||
''Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831'' | [http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/CherokeeNationvStateofGeorgia.aspx ''Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831''] | ||
<br>''Worchester v. Georgia, 1832'' | <br>[http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/worcester-v-georgia-1832 ''Worchester v. Georgia, 1832''] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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=== '''Vital Records''' === | === '''Vital Records''' === | ||
Prior to the | Prior to the I[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act ndian Reorganization Act], the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record of]] Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
Some vital records for the Cherokee Indians include: | Some vital records for the Cherokee Indians include: | ||