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Wales has one television channel, [http://www.s4c.co.uk/ S4C (Sianel 4 Cymru)], and one radio station, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/radiocymru/ BBC Radio Cymru], broadcasting in the Welsh language.  
Wales has one television channel, [http://www.s4c.co.uk/ S4C (Sianel 4 Cymru)], and one radio station, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/radiocymru/ BBC Radio Cymru], broadcasting in the Welsh language.  


Although most Welsh records are written in English, understanding some basic elements of the Welsh language can help you with your research. Do not, however, rely on a translation of a record made by using a dictionary. Get help from someone who knows the language.
Although most Welsh records are written in English, understanding some basic elements of the Welsh language can help you with your research. Do not, however, rely on a translation of a record made by using a dictionary. Get help from someone who knows the language.  
 
== Welsh Language Courses ==


==Welsh Language Courses==
Many opportunities exist for learning to speak and read the Welsh language. [[Welsh Language Courses|Read more...]]  
Many opportunities exist for learning to speak and read the Welsh language. [[Welsh Language Courses|Read more...]]  


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The following table lists Welsh letters and their sounds:  
The following table lists Welsh letters and their sounds:  


{| class="plain"
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| Letter  
| Letter  
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Books that can help you understand Welsh are:  
Books that can help you understand Welsh are:  


*Bowen, John T., and T. S. Rhys Jones. ''Welsh: A Complete Course for Beginners.'' David McKay Company Inc., 1960. (FHL book 942.9 A8b.)  
*Bowen, John T., and T. S. Rhys Jones. ''Welsh: A Complete Course for Beginners.'' David McKay Company Inc., 1960. (Family History Library book 942.9 A8b.)  
*Evans, H. Meurig, and W. O. Thomas. ''Y Geiriadur Mawr (The Complete Welsh-English English-Welsh Dictionary).'' Swansea, Wales: C. Davies, 1981. (FHL book 491.66321 Ev15y.)  
*Evans, H. Meurig, and W. O. Thomas. ''Y Geiriadur Mawr (The Complete Welsh-English English-Welsh Dictionary).'' Swansea, Wales: C. Davies, 1981. (Family History Library book 491.66321 Ev15y.)  
*''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (A Dictionary of the Welsh Language).'' Vol. 1-. Caerdydd, Wales: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru (Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press), 1950-. (FHL book 403.429 W465g.) This dictionary is being published in volumes; publication is still in progress. It is the most authoritative dictionary and gives Welsh spellings and English definitions.  
*''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (A Dictionary of the Welsh Language).'' Vol. 1-. Caerdydd, Wales: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru (Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press), 1950-. (Family History Library book 403.429 W465g.) This dictionary is being published in volumes; publication is still in progress. It is the most authoritative dictionary and gives Welsh spellings and English definitions.  
*Williams, Stephen J. ''A Welsh Grammar.'' Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press, 1980. (FHL book 942.9 G2ws.)
*Williams, Stephen J. ''A Welsh Grammar.'' Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press, 1980. (Family History Library book 942.9 G2ws.)


You may also find more language aids, including a audio recording of the pronunciation of some Welsh place-names, through the GENUKI website at: [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/#Lang www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/#Lang] From the above site, click on '''Sounds of Wales'''  
You may also find more language aids, including a audio recording of the pronunciation of some Welsh place-names, through the GENUKI website at: [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/#Lang www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/#Lang] From the above site, click on '''Sounds of Wales'''  
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In Welsh, the first letter of a word often changes or disappears. This is called mutation. For example, '''teulu''' (family) can appear as '''deulu''', '''nheulu''', or '''theulu'''. Mutated words are not in Welsh dictionaries, so use the following chart to change a mutated word back to its original form:  
In Welsh, the first letter of a word often changes or disappears. This is called mutation. For example, '''teulu''' (family) can appear as '''deulu''', '''nheulu''', or '''theulu'''. Mutated words are not in Welsh dictionaries, so use the following chart to change a mutated word back to its original form:  


{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" class="plain"
{| class="plain" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1"
|-
|-
| '''Initial consonant'''  
| '''Initial consonant'''  
| '''Soft mutation'''<br>  
| '''Soft mutation'''<br>
| '''Nasal mutation'''<br>  
| '''Nasal mutation'''<br>
| '''Aspirate mutation'''<br>
| '''Aspirate mutation'''<br>
|-
|-
| P <br> pensil <br> (pencil)  
| P <br>pensil <br>(pencil)  
| B <br> ei '''b'''ensil e <br> (his pencil)  
| B <br>ei '''b'''ensil e <br>(his pencil)  
| Mh <br> fy '''mh'''ensil i <br> (my pencil)  
| Mh <br>fy '''mh'''ensil i <br>(my pencil)  
| Ph <br> ei '''ph'''ensil hi <br> (her pencil)
| Ph <br>ei '''ph'''ensil hi <br>(her pencil)
|-
|-
| T <br> tad <br> (father)  
| T <br>tad <br>(father)  
| D <br> ei '''d'''ad e <br> (his father)  
| D <br>ei '''d'''ad e <br>(his father)  
| Nh <br> fy '''nh'''ad i <br> (my father)  
| Nh <br>fy '''nh'''ad i <br>(my father)  
| Th <br> ei '''th'''ad hi <br> (her father)
| Th <br>ei '''th'''ad hi <br>(her father)
|-
|-
| C <br> ci <br> (dog)  
| C <br>ci <br>(dog)  
| G <br> ei '''g'''i e <br> (his dog)  
| G <br>ei '''g'''i e <br>(his dog)  
| Ngh <br> fy '''ngh'''i i <br> (my dog)  
| Ngh <br>fy '''ngh'''i i <br>(my dog)  
| Ch <br> ei '''ch'''i hi <br> (her dog)
| Ch <br>ei '''ch'''i hi <br>(her dog)
|-
|-
| B <br> brawd <br> (brother)  
| B <br>brawd <br>(brother)  
| F <br> ei '''f'''rawd e <br> (his brother)  
| F <br>ei '''f'''rawd e <br>(his brother)  
| M <br> fy '''m'''rawd i <br> (my brother)  
| M <br>fy '''m'''rawd i <br>(my brother)  
| No Change
| No Change
|-
|-
| D <br> dosbarth <br> (class)  
| D <br>dosbarth <br>(class)  
| Dd <br> ei '''dd'''osbarth e <br> (his class)  
| Dd <br>ei '''dd'''osbarth e <br>(his class)  
| N <br> fy '''n'''osbarth i <br> (my class)  
| N <br>fy '''n'''osbarth i <br>(my class)  
| No Change
| No Change
|-
|-
| G <br> gardd <br> (garden)  
| G <br>gardd <br>(garden)  
| - <br>ei ardd e <br> (his garden)  
| - <br>ei ardd e <br>(his garden)  
| Ng <br> fy '''ng'''ardd i <br> (my garden)  
| Ng <br>fy '''ng'''ardd i <br>(my garden)  
| No Change
| No Change
|-
|-
| Ll <br> llyfr <br>(book)  
| Ll <br>llyfr <br>(book)  
| L <br>ei '''l'''yfr e <br>(his book)  
| L <br>ei '''l'''yfr e <br>(his book)  
| No Change  
| No Change  
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|}
|}


<br> '''Soft mutation''' generally occurs:  
<br>'''Soft mutation''' generally occurs:  


*On singular feminine nouns following the definite article. For example: "pont" (a bridge), "y '''b'''ont" (the bridge).  
*On singular feminine nouns following the definite article. For example: "pont" (a bridge), "y '''b'''ont" (the bridge).  
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In general, if you are unable to find a word:  
In general, if you are unable to find a word:  


{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" class="plain"
{| class="plain" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1"
|-
|-
| If the word begins with:  
| If the word begins with:  
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|}
|}


<br>  
<br>


== Latin  ==
== Latin  ==
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Until 1733 many records were kept in Latin. Sometimes records written in English contain some Latin words. Knowing some Latin will help you read these records. For help with Latin words, see the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077) or the following books:  
Until 1733 many records were kept in Latin. Sometimes records written in English contain some Latin words. Knowing some Latin will help you read these records. For help with Latin words, see the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077) or the following books:  


*Ainsworth, Robert. ''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Compendiarius''. London, England: F. Westly and A. H. Davis, 1836. (FHL book 473 Ai65a 1836; film 599788.)  
*Ainsworth, Robert. ''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Compendiarius''. London, England: F. Westly and A. H. Davis, 1836. (Family History Library book 473 Ai65a 1836; film 599788.)  
*Simpson, Elizabeth, comp. ''Latin Word-List for Family Historians''. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1985.<ref>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ''Research Outline: Wales'' (Salt Lake City: Corporation of the President, 2000), 42-44.</ref>
*Simpson, Elizabeth, comp. ''Latin Word-List for Family Historians''. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1985.<ref>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ''Research Outline: Wales'' (Salt Lake City: Corporation of the President, 2000), 42-44.</ref>


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*[http://users.comlab.ox.ac.uk/geraint.jones/about.welsh/ Geraint Jones' Welsh information]
*[http://users.comlab.ox.ac.uk/geraint.jones/about.welsh/ Geraint Jones' Welsh information]


==Sources==
== Sources ==
<references/>
 
<references />
 
<br>[[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]&nbsp;[[Portal:Wales|Return to the Wales Portal page]] <br>


<br>[[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]&nbsp;[[Portal:Wales|Return to the Wales Portal page]] <br>
[[Category:Wales]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Wales]]
[[Category:Word List]]
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