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◄ [[The Netherlands|Netherlands Homepage]] <br>Netherlands Language and Languages Most materials used in Dutch research are written in Dutch, but actually two languages are spoken in the Netherlands; in the province of Fryslân (Friesland) the Frisian language (not a dialect!) is spoken. You do not need to speak or read Dutch to do research in records of the Netherlands. However, you will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  
◄ [[The Netherlands|Netherlands Homepage]]  
 
= Netherlands Language and Languages =
 
Most materials used in Dutch research are written in Dutch, but actually two languages are spoken in the Netherlands; in the province of Fryslân (Friesland) the Frisian language (not a dialect!) is spoken. You do not need to speak or read Dutch to do research in records of the Netherlands. However, you will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  


''See the 3 FamilySearch Tutorials on ''[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22Netherlands%22 ''"Reading Dutch Written Records"&nbsp;'']  
''See the 3 FamilySearch Tutorials on ''[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22Netherlands%22 ''"Reading Dutch Written Records"&nbsp;'']  
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Dutch grammar and customs may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, your ancestor’s name may vary between records in Dutch. For help in understanding name variations, see [[Netherlands Names, Personal]].&nbsp; Dutch also exhibits a tremendous amount of variation in its spelling.&nbsp; Click here to see an article on [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Spelling_Variations_in_Dutch_Documents Spelling Variations in Dutch Documents].  
Dutch grammar and customs may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, your ancestor’s name may vary between records in Dutch. For help in understanding name variations, see [[Netherlands Names, Personal]].&nbsp; Dutch also exhibits a tremendous amount of variation in its spelling.&nbsp; Click here to see an article on [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Spelling_Variations_in_Dutch_Documents Spelling Variations in Dutch Documents].  


=== Language Aids  ===
== Language Aids  ==


On the following Internet address [http://gtb.inl.nl/ Integrated Language Bank] you can find: a modern Dutch dictionary, old, early Middle Ages and later Middle Ages Dutch dictionaries and a Frisian dictionary.  
On the following Internet address [http://gtb.inl.nl/ Integrated Language Bank] you can find: a modern Dutch dictionary, old, early Middle Ages and later Middle Ages Dutch dictionaries and a Frisian dictionary.  
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DUTCH LANGUAGE – DICTIONARIES  
DUTCH LANGUAGE – DICTIONARIES  


=== Dutch Word List  ===
== Dutch Word List  ==


This list contains Dutch words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Dutch-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)  
This list contains Dutch words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Dutch-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)  
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In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brasil and Taiwan.  
In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brasil and Taiwan.  


=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS ===
=== Language Characteristics ===


Dutch, along with German, English, Frisian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Afrikaans, is a Germanic language. It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Low_German_Language_in_German_Research Low German].&nbsp; Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same.&nbsp; You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Languages_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area_of_Germany lower Rhine ]area or about [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Spelling_Variants_in_the_Northern_Rheinland spelling variations] there.  
Dutch, along with German, English, Frisian, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Afrikaans, is a Germanic language. It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Low_German_Language_in_German_Research Low German].&nbsp; Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same.&nbsp; You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Languages_in_the_Lower_Rhine_Area_of_Germany lower Rhine ]area or about [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Spelling_Variants_in_the_Northern_Rheinland spelling variations] there.  
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Marietje spelled as Marietie  
Marietje spelled as Marietie  


=== ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ===
=== Additional Resources ===


This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Dutch-English dictionary. Several Dutch-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.31321.  
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Dutch-English dictionary. Several Dutch-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.31321.  
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Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject search of the Family History Library Catalog under DUTCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Place search under NETHERLANDS - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include dictionaries of various dialects and time periods.  
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject search of the Family History Library Catalog under DUTCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Place search under NETHERLANDS - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include dictionaries of various dialects and time periods.  


=== KEY WORDS ===
== Key Words ==


To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.  
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|}
|}


=== NUMBERS ===
=== Numbers ===


In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.  
In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.  


Cardinal   Ordinal
{|
|-
1 een 1st eerste
| Cardinal  
2 twee 2nd tweede  
|
3 drie 3rd derde  
| Ordinal  
4 vier 4th vierde  
|
5 vijf 5th vijfde  
|-
6 zes 6th zesde  
| 1  
7 zeven 7th zevende  
| een  
8 acht 8th achtste  
| 1st  
9 negen 9th negende  
| eerste
10 tien 10th tiende  
|-
11 elf 11th elfde  
| 2  
12 twaalf 12th twaalfde  
| twee  
13 dertien 13th dertiende  
| 2nd  
14 veertien 14th veertiende  
| tweede
15 vijftien 15th vijftiende  
|-
16 zestien 16th zestiende  
| 3  
17 zeventien 17th zeventiende  
| drie  
18 achttien 18th achttiende  
| 3rd  
19 negentie 19th negentiende  
| derde
20 twintig 20th twintigste  
|-
21 eenentwintig 21st eenentwintigste  
| 4  
22 tweeëntwintig 22th tweeëntwintigste
| vier  
23 drieentwintig 23th drieentwintigste  
| 4th  
24 vierentwintig 24th vierentwintigste  
| vierde
25 vijfentwintig 25th vijfentwintigste  
|-
26 zesentwintig 26th zesentwintigste  
| 5  
27 zevenentwintig 27th zevenentwintigste  
| vijf  
28 achtentwintig 28th achtentwintigste  
| 5th  
29 negenentwintig 29th negenentwintigste  
| vijfde
30 dertig 30th dertigste  
|-
31 eenendertig 31th eenendertigste  
| 6  
40 veertig 40th veertigste  
| zes  
50 vijftig 50th vijftigste  
| 6th  
60 zestig 60th zestigste  
| zesde
70 zeventig 70th zevenstigte  
|-
80 tachtig 80th tachtigste  
| 7  
90 negentig 90th negentigste  
| zeven  
100 honderd 100th honderdste  
| 7th  
101 honderd(en)een 101st honderd(en)eerste  
| zevende
200 tweehonderd 200th tweehonderdste  
|-
1000 duizend 1000th duizendste
| 8  
| acht  
| 8th  
| achtste
|-
| 9  
| negen  
| 9th  
| negende
|-
| 10  
| tien  
| 10th  
| tiende
|-
| 11  
| elf  
| 11th  
| elfde
|-
| 12  
| twaalf  
| 12th  
| twaalfde
|-
| 13  
| dertien  
| 13th  
| dertiende
|-
| 14  
| veertien  
| 14th  
| veertiende
|-
| 15  
| vijftien  
| 15th  
| vijftiende
|-
| 16  
| zestien  
| 16th  
| zestiende
|-
| 17  
| zeventien  
| 17th  
| zeventiende
|-
| 18  
| achttien  
| 18th  
| achttiende
|-
| 19  
| negentie  
| 19th  
| negentiende
|-
| 20  
| twintig  
| 20th  
| twintigste
|-
| 21  
| eenentwintig  
| 21st  
| eenentwintigste
|-
| 22  
| tweeëntwintig
| 22th  
| tweeëntwintigste
|-
| 23  
| drieentwintig  
| 23th  
| drieentwintigste
|-
| 24  
| vierentwintig  
| 24th  
| vierentwintigste
|-
| 25  
| vijfentwintig  
| 25th  
| vijfentwintigste
|-
| 26  
| zesentwintig  
| 26th  
| zesentwintigste
|-
| 27  
| zevenentwintig  
| 27th  
| zevenentwintigste
|-
| 28  
| achtentwintig  
| 28th  
| achtentwintigste
|-
| 29  
| negenentwintig  
| 29th  
| negenentwintigste
|-
| 30  
| dertig  
| 30th  
| dertigste
|-
| 31  
| eenendertig  
| 31th  
| eenendertigste
|-
| 40  
| veertig  
| 40th  
| veertigste
|-
| 50  
| vijftig  
| 50th  
| vijftigste
|-
| 60  
| zestig  
| 60th  
| zestigste
|-
| 70  
| zeventig  
| 70th  
| zevenstigte
|-
| 80  
| tachtig  
| 80th  
| tachtigste
|-
| 90  
| negentig  
| 90th  
| negentigste
|-
| 100  
| honderd  
| 100th  
| honderdste
|-
| 101  
| honderd(en)een  
| 101st  
| honderd(en)eerste
|-
| 200  
| tweehonderd  
| 200th  
| tweehonderdste
|-
| 1000  
| duizend  
| 1000th  
| duizendste
|}


=== <br>DATES AND TIME  ===
=== DATES AND TIME  ===


In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:  
In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:  
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*'''aan''' - upon, to  
*'''aan''' - upon, to  
*'''aangenomen naam - '''named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname  
*'''aangenomen naam - '''named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname  
*'''aannemen''' to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on
*'''aannemen''' to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on  
*'''aanneming''' confirmation  
*'''aanneming''' confirmation  
*'''aannemingsdag''' day of confirmation  
*'''aannemingsdag''' day of confirmation  
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*'''afkondigingen''' proclamations, banns  
*'''afkondigingen''' proclamations, banns  
*'''afschrift(en)''' extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy  
*'''afschrift(en)''' extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy  
*'''afwezig '''absent
*'''afwezig '''absent  
*'''akte''' certificate, deed, license  
*'''akte''' certificate, deed, license  
*'''alhier''' here, at this place, locally  
*'''alhier''' here, at this place, locally  
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*'''ander(s)''' other  
*'''ander(s)''' other  
*'''anders genoemd''' alias, also known as  
*'''anders genoemd''' alias, also known as  
*'''angiften''' intentions (marriage), declarations
*'''angiften''' intentions (marriage), declarations  
*'''Apostolisch''' Apostolic  
*'''Apostolisch''' Apostolic  
*'''April, april''' April  
*'''April, april''' April  
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*'''bisdom''' diocese  
*'''bisdom''' diocese  
*'''bladzijde (blz.)''' page  
*'''bladzijde (blz.)''' page  
*'''bloedverwant''' blood relative
*'''bloedverwant''' blood relative  
*'''bloeimaand''' blossoming month, May  
*'''bloeimaand''' blossoming month, May  
*'''boek''' book  
*'''boek''' book  
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*'''enig '''only, single  
*'''enig '''only, single  
*'''erfenis '''inheritance  
*'''erfenis '''inheritance  
*'''erkennende&nbsp;'''recognizing, acknowledging
*'''erkennende&nbsp;'''recognizing, acknowledging  
*'''ervan '''of it  
*'''ervan '''of it  
*'''ervoor '''for it  
*'''ervoor '''for it  
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*'''geboortig '''born at, native of  
*'''geboortig '''born at, native of  
*'''geboren '''born, maiden name, née  
*'''geboren '''born, maiden name, née  
*'''gebracht''' brought, placed, charged, put, been
*'''gebracht''' brought, placed, charged, put, been  
*'''gedelegeerden''' delegate, delegates, delegates to<br>  
*'''gedelegeerden''' delegate, delegates, delegates to<br>  
*'''gedoopt '''baptized, christened  
*'''gedoopt '''baptized, christened  
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*'''huis '''house  
*'''huis '''house  
*'''huisgezin '''immediate family  
*'''huisgezin '''immediate family  
*'''huishoudster''' housekeeper
*'''huishoudster''' housekeeper  
*'''huisland '''home, native country, homeland  
*'''huisland '''home, native country, homeland  
*'''huisvrouw '''housewife  
*'''huisvrouw '''housewife  
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*'''kanaal '''canal  
*'''kanaal '''canal  
*'''kanker '''cancer  
*'''kanker '''cancer  
*'''kantwerkster''' lacemaker<br>
*'''kantwerkster''' lacemaker<br>  
*'''karman '''coachman  
*'''karman '''coachman  
*'''kasteel '''castle  
*'''kasteel '''castle  
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*'''onecht kind''' illegitimate child  
*'''onecht kind''' illegitimate child  
*'''ongehuwd '''unmarried  
*'''ongehuwd '''unmarried  
*'''ongeleerdheid''' illiterate, unlearned
*'''ongeleerdheid''' illiterate, unlearned  
*'''ongetrouwd '''single, unmarried  
*'''ongetrouwd '''single, unmarried  
*'''ongeveer '''almost, approximately  
*'''ongeveer '''almost, approximately  
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*'''onwettig '''illegitimate, illegal  
*'''onwettig '''illegitimate, illegal  
*'''onze, ons''' us, our  
*'''onze, ons''' us, our  
*'''opgesteld''' drafted
*'''opgesteld''' drafted  
*'''oogstmaand harv'''est month,August  
*'''oogstmaand harv'''est month,August  
*'''ook '''also  
*'''ook '''also  
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*'''waar '''where  
*'''waar '''where  
*'''waaraan''' which
*'''waaraan''' which  
*'''waarheen '''where to  
*'''waarheen '''where to  
*'''waarom '''why  
*'''waarom '''why  
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