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Swedish is a Germanic language like Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic. A major spelling and grammar reform was introduced in Sweden in 1917. The spelling section in "Language Characteristics" below, along with the English to Swedish Word list are designed to help you find the words you need. <br> | Swedish is a Germanic language like Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic. A major spelling and grammar reform was introduced in Sweden in 1917. The spelling section in "Language Characteristics" below, along with the English to Swedish Word list are designed to help you find the words you need. <br> | ||
== | == Word List == | ||
Swedish is | The entire Swedish to English word list is available in PDF see [[Image:Swedish to English Word List from the FamilySearch Wiki May 2011.pdf]].<br> | ||
{| width="99%" class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col" | Swedish | |||
! scope="col" | English | |||
{| width=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | adelsman | ||
| | | nobleman | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | arton(de) | ||
| eighteen (eighteenth) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | adlig | ||
| noble | |||
|- | |- | ||
| adopterad | |||
| adopterad | |||
| adopted | | adopted | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== | |||
== Language Characteristics == | |||
Swedish is spoken in Sweden and parts of Finland. The Swedish language was used in official records of Finland until the end of the 1800s. | |||
==== Variant Forms of Words ==== | |||
In Swedish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who—whose—whom'' or ''marry—marries— married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. Also, vowels sometimes have diacritical marks indicating a variant spelling of a Swedish word (for example the conjugation of a verb.) Note the following examples: | |||
{| width="50%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | |||
|- | |||
| ''man <br>mannen <br>män <br>männen'' | |||
| man <br>the man <br>men <br>the men | |||
| ''yrke <br>yrket <br>yrken <br>yrkena'' | |||
| profession <br>the profession <br>professions <br>the professions | |||
|} | |||
==== Alphabetical Order ==== | |||
Swedish has three additional letters not found in the English alphabet: '''''Å (å), Ä (ä),''''' and '''''Ö (ö)'''''. Alphabetically, these letters come after '''''Z'''. The letter Å (å) was always used in Swedish as a letter of its own (unlike the Aa in Danish and Norwegian). Swedish dictionaries, indexes, the [https://familysearch.org/catalog-search Place Search] of the [[Introduction to the Family History Library Catalog|Family History Library Catalog]], and this word list use the following alphabetical order: '' | |||
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, Ä, Ö | |||
<br> | |||
==== Spelling ==== | |||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common. | |||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
b used for p<br> c used for k <br> ch used for k<br> d used for t<br> e used for ä <br> f used for v <br> g used for k<br> i used for j <br> j used for g, gj, hj, lj, dj <br> k used for ck, ch,g, gg, c <br> o for å <br> | |||
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| <br> | |||
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q used for k <br> s used for skj, sch, sj, stj, ss, c, z<br> sk used for k, kj, ch <br> t used for q<br> tj used for ki <br> u used for v <br> v seen as hv <br> w used for v<br> x used for ks<br> z used for s <br>å used for o <br> ä used for e <br> | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
kvinna seen as qvinna<br> kärr seen as tjärr<br> mjölnare seen as miölnare<br> | |||
| <br> | |||
| <br> | |||
| <br> | |||
| <br> | |||
| <br> | |||
| <br> | |||
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skov seen as schov<br> vilken seen as hvilken <br> änka seen as enka <br> | |||
|} | |||
== Additional Resources == | |||
This word list includes only words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Swedish-English dictionary. Several Swedish-English dictionaries are available at the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]]. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.7321. | This word list includes only words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Swedish-English dictionary. Several Swedish-English dictionaries are available at the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]]. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.7321. | ||