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New Jersey Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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=== The People === | === The People === | ||
Dutch, Swedes, and Finns. The northeastern part of New Jersey was the first to be settled because of its close proximity to New Amsterdam (New York City). Bergen (now Jersey City), on the west bank of the Hudson River, was the first permanent Dutch settlement in 1630.<ref>"Bergen, New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland (accessed 12 December 2008).</ref> After the English conquest in 1664, the Dutch continued to spread into Bergen County and the Raritan Valley and then into Somerset and northern Monmouth in the 1680s and 1690s. Many of these settlers came from Kings County, New York. For more details about the Dutch influence in the area see the "[[New Jersey Court Records|Court Records]]" and "[[New Jersey Probate Records|Probate Records]]" sections of the [[New York|New York Research Outline]], and: Epperson, Gwenn F. ''New Netherland Roots''. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1994. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=651271&disp=New+Netherland+roots%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 974.7 D27e].) Discusses and quotes examples from passenger lists, early government records, marriage registers, church records, and court records of New Netherland. Also discusses early Dutch, German, Belgian, French, and Scandinavian sources. | '''Dutch, Swedes, and Finns.''' The Dutch of [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] intermittently occupied Fort Nassau (now Brooklawn, Camden, New Jersey) starting in 1623.<ref>Amandus Johnson, "[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nswamap.html Detailed Map of New Sweden 1638-1655]" in Amandus Johnson's book ''The Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1664'' (Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society, 1915), 392.</ref><ref>"Fort Nassau" in Probert Encyclopaedia of Architecture [Internet site] at http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/T_FORT_NASSAU.HTM (accessed 10 November 2008). "Fort Nassau was a fort erected on the site of the present town of Gloucester, New Jersey by Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, representing the Dutch West India Company in 1623. It was abandoned and rebuilt a number of times, and finally abandoned in 1651."</ref><ref>"Location of Fort Nassau" in Gloucester County, New Jersey History and Genealogy [Internet site] at http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/fortnassau.htm#Location (accessed 8 November 2008).</ref> The northeastern part of New Jersey was the first to be permanently settled because of its close proximity to New Amsterdam (New York City). Bergen (now Jersey City), on the west bank of the Hudson River, was the first permanent Dutch settlement starting in 1630.<ref>"Bergen, New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland (accessed 12 December 2008).</ref> After the English conquest in 1664, the Dutch continued to spread into Bergen County and the Raritan Valley and then into Somerset and northern Monmouth in the 1680s and 1690s. Many of these settlers came from Kings County, New York. For more details about the Dutch influence in the area see the "[[New Jersey Court Records|Court Records]]" and "[[New Jersey Probate Records|Probate Records]]" sections of the [[New York|New York Research Outline]], and: Epperson, Gwenn F. ''New Netherland Roots''. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1994. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=651271&disp=New+Netherland+roots%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 974.7 D27e].) Discusses and quotes examples from passenger lists, early government records, marriage registers, church records, and court records of New Netherland. Also discusses early Dutch, German, Belgian, French, and Scandinavian sources. | ||
The first Swedish and Finnish settlers came to the site of modern Wilmington, Delaware, on the Delaware River in 1638. The growth of New Sweden was | The first Swedish and Finnish settlers came to the site of modern Wilmington, Delaware, on the Delaware River in 1638. The growth of [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] was slow. Raccoon (now Swedesboro) and other Swedish villages were not settled until the 1642. See the [[Portal:Delaware|Delaware]] Wiki article for more information. By the 1690s, about 900 Swedes and Finns had crossed the river to settle in Cape May, Gloucester, and Salem counties, West Jersey. | ||
'''English in East Jersey'''. In about 1665, the East Jersey proprietors began to attract settlers from Long Island and New England by offering liberal freedoms and choice land. Before the proprietors granted any land, however, Governor Richard Nicolls of New York granted two large patents in East Jersey to settlers from New England and New York: | '''English in East Jersey'''. In about 1665, the East Jersey proprietors began to attract settlers from Long Island and New England by offering liberal freedoms and choice land. Before the proprietors granted any land, however, Governor Richard Nicolls of New York granted two large patents in East Jersey to settlers from New England and New York: | ||
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*'''Navesink or Monmouth Patent (1665)'''. This grant, from Sandy Hook to the Raritan River, was to a group from Gravesend, Long Island, and Quakers and Baptists from Rhode Island. They and other settlers from Massachusetts soon after founded Middletown and Shrewsbury. | *'''Navesink or Monmouth Patent (1665)'''. This grant, from Sandy Hook to the Raritan River, was to a group from Gravesend, Long Island, and Quakers and Baptists from Rhode Island. They and other settlers from Massachusetts soon after founded Middletown and Shrewsbury. | ||
'''English in West Jersey'''. A group of English Quakers (Friends) led by John Fenwick began settling the east bank of the Delaware River at Salem in 1675. In 1677 Quakers from London and Hull, Yorkshire, settled New Beverly (now Burlington). In about 1681, Quakers from Ireland settled on Newton Creek, south of Burlington. There were at least 1,400 Quakers in West Jersey by this time. | '''English in West Jersey'''. New Englanders settled in what is now Salem, Gloucester, New Jersey in 1641. But the rival Dutch and Swedes destroyed the fort and sent the English to New Amsterdam in 1643.<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>Arthur H. Buffington, "New England and the Western Fur Trade, 1629-1675" ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=KTQTAAAAYAAJ Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts]'' 18 (1917): 168 digitized by Google, 2007. "Regardless of the rights of the Dutch and the Swedes, two large tracts of land were purchased in southern New Jersey, and another tract on the future site of Philadelphia. The colony of New Haven extended its jurisdiction over this territory and lent the Company its full support. A settlement was made the same year [1641] at Varkens Kill (Salem, New Jersey), but as it was below the Dutch and Swedish posts and therefore unfavorably situated for the fur trade, a trading post was erected the next year near the mouth of the Schuylkill and above the rival posts. So seriously did this new post interfere with trade that the Dutch, probably with the aid of the Swedes, destroyed the fort and took away the settlers to Manhattan. The settlement at Varkens Kill was not disturbed, but it amounted to little. Some of the settlers perished of disease, some straggled back to New Haven, and a few stayed on, submitting themselves to Swedish rule."</ref> A group of English Quakers (Friends) led by John Fenwick began settling the east bank of the Delaware River at Salem in 1675. In 1677 Quakers from London and Hull, Yorkshire, settled New Beverly (now Burlington). In about 1681, Quakers from Ireland settled on Newton Creek, south of Burlington. There were at least 1,400 Quakers in West Jersey by this time. | ||
Cape May, along New Jersey's southern coast, was settled in 1690 by New Englanders (many of Mayflower descent) from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Hartford. For information about these families, see: | Cape May, along New Jersey's southern coast, was settled in 1690 by New Englanders (many of Mayflower descent) from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Hartford. For information about these families, see: | ||
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Wacker, Peter O. ''Land and People: A Cultural Geography of Preindustrial New Jersey: Origins and Settlement Patterns''. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1975. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=244697&disp=Land+and+people%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 974.9 H2wa].) | Wacker, Peter O. ''Land and People: A Cultural Geography of Preindustrial New Jersey: Origins and Settlement Patterns''. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1975. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=244697&disp=Land+and+people%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 974.9 H2wa].) | ||
== Sources == | |||
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== Sources == | == Sources == | ||