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=== Male and Female Surnames === | === Male and Female Surnames === | ||
Czech surnames are affected by gender. | Czech surnames are affected by gender. For example, a woman's surname must have a feminine ending. Although all surnames are nouns, they come from various parts of speech; adjectives and nouns. Surname endings vary according to the type of surname, i.e. whether from a noun or adjective, and the gender of the person. | ||
'''Adjectives''' | '''Adjectives''' | ||
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Most adjective surnames end in '''-ý''' for males and '''-á''' for females. | Most adjective surnames end in '''-ý''' for males and '''-á''' for females. | ||
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Other types of adjective surnames end in '''-í''' and in '''-ů'''. These surnames are the same for females as for males. | Other types of adjective surnames end in '''-í''' and in '''-ů'''. These surnames are the same for females as for males. | ||
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Noun surnames end with a consonant or a short vowel (a vowel that doesn't have an accent mark). Noun surnames are feminized by adding the ending '''-ová'''. | Noun surnames end with a consonant or a short vowel (a vowel that doesn't have an accent mark). Noun surnames are feminized by adding the ending '''-ová'''. | ||
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Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''. | Surnames that end with an '''-a''', '''-e''', or '''-o''' drop the final letter before adding the '''-ová'''. | ||
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Surnames ending with '''-ě''' are quite uncommon. These usually simply drop the '''-ě''' before adding the '''-ová'''. Some however keep the '''-ě''' and add a '''-t-''' before adding the '''-ová'''. | Surnames ending with '''-ě''' are quite uncommon. These usually simply drop the '''-ě''' before adding the '''-ová'''. Some however keep the '''-ě''' and add a '''-t-''' before adding the '''-ová'''. | ||
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Surnames that end in '''-ec''' or '''-ek''' (or rarely '''-ev''' or '''-el''') drop the '''-e-''' before adding the '''-ová'''. | Surnames that end in '''-ec''' or '''-ek''' (or rarely '''-ev''' or '''-el''') drop the '''-e-''' before adding the '''-ová'''. | ||
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Uncommon surnames ending with '''-ĕk''' or '''-ĕc''' may or may not drop the '''-ĕ-'''. | Uncommon surnames ending with '''-ĕk''' or '''-ĕc''' may or may not drop the '''-ĕ-'''. | ||
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In many cases, even German and Hungarian names are subjected to the '''-ová''' ending. | In many cases, even German and Hungarian names are subjected to the '''-ová''' ending. | ||
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