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''[[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Maryland|Maryland]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Maryland_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]'' [[Image:MD Ship The Dove.png|thumb|right|250px | ''[[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Maryland|Maryland]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Maryland_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]'' [[Image:MD Ship The Dove.png|thumb|right|250px]] | ||
=== Overseas Immigration === | === Overseas Immigration === | ||
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==== Colonial Period ==== | ==== Colonial Period ==== | ||
Most colonial ship records contain little information about the passengers. Generally the list of passengers was a partial list and included names of the most important men. Women and children were often not listed. Since the capitans were not required to give their records to anyone, they kept the records themselves, destroyed the records or did not keep any records. Most of the records that survive have been published. The [http://www.ancestryinstitution.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Immigration & Travel Records] ($) collection | Most colonial ship records contain little information about the passengers. Generally the list of passengers was a partial list and included names of the most important men. Women and children were often not listed. Since the capitans were not required to give their records to anyone, they kept the records themselves, destroyed the records or did not keep any records. Most of the records that survive have been published. The [http://www.ancestryinstitution.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Immigration & Travel Records] ($) collection found at Ancestry.com is a great place to start immigration research. | ||
Headright grants were issued to persons responsible for importing settlers into the colony. The records have been made available for free online, courtesy, Maryland State Archives: | *Headright grants were issued to persons responsible for importing settlers into the colony. The records have been made available for free online, courtesy, Maryland State Archives: | ||
*Gibb, Carson. [http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc4300/sc4341/html/search.html New ''Early Settlers of Maryland,''] online database. | :*Gibb, Carson. [http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc4300/sc4341/html/search.html New ''Early Settlers of Maryland,''] online database. | ||
Robert W. Barnes has come up with some very clever ways to trace the overseas origins of Colonial Marylanders. His publications include: | *Robert W. Barnes has come up with some very clever ways to trace the overseas origins of Colonial Marylanders. His publications include: | ||
*''British Roots of Maryland Families''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999-2002. {{FHL|832440|item|disp=FHL | :*''British Roots of Maryland Families''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999-2002. {{FHL|832440|item|disp=FHL book 975.2 D2ba v. 1 - v. 2}}. | ||
*''Colonial Families of Maryland: Bound and Determined to Succeed''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007. {{FHL|1384518|item|disp=FHL | :*''Colonial Families of Maryland: Bound and Determined to Succeed''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007. {{FHL|1384518|item|disp=FHL book 975.2 D2br}}. | ||
*''Missing Relatives and Lost Friends''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2008. {{FHL|1462342|item|disp=FHL | :*''Missing Relatives and Lost Friends''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2008. {{FHL|1462342|item|disp=FHL book 973 B38b}}. | ||
Murphy's research guide to tracing the English origins of Colonial Maryland indentured servants is available online: [http://pricegen.com/immigrantservants/origins.htm "Origins of Colonial Chesapeake Indentured Servants: American and English Sources,"] ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 93, No. 1 (Mar. 2005):5-24. | *Murphy's research guide to tracing the English origins of Colonial Maryland indentured servants is available online: [http://pricegen.com/immigrantservants/origins.htm "Origins of Colonial Chesapeake Indentured Servants: American and English Sources,"] ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 93, No. 1 (Mar. 2005):5-24. | ||
The English port of Whitehaven, in northwest England, had extensive trade dealings with Maryland and Virginia during the colonial period. For an excellent study of this trade and the families involved, see: | *The English port of Whitehaven, in northwest England, had extensive trade dealings with Maryland and Virginia during the colonial period. For an excellent study of this trade and the families involved, see: | ||
:*Lawrence-Dow, Elizabeth and Daniel Hay. ''Whitehaven to Washington''. Copeland, England, 1974. {{FHL|258446|item|disp=FHL Book 975 H2d}}. | |||
* | *Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial Maryland immigrant origins. | ||
Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial Maryland immigrant origins. | |||
===== British Immigrants ===== | ===== British Immigrants ===== | ||
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Sometimes records in the English Court of Chancery help Americans learn about their British origins, for an example, see: | Sometimes records in the English Court of Chancery help Americans learn about their British origins, for an example, see: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. "William Roberts of Maryland: Sidelights from the British Public Records Office," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 1997):219-221. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 85 (1997)}}. | :*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. "William Roberts of Maryland: Sidelights from the British Public Records Office," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 1997):219-221. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 85 (1997)}}. | ||
From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. The highest concentrations of transported felons were in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Charles County, Maryland|Charles]], and [[Queen Anne's County, Maryland|Queen Anne's]] counties:<ref name="con">[http://books.google.com/books?id=3TY3AAAAYAAJ "An Account of the Number of Souls in the Province of Maryland, in the Year 1755,"] ''The Gentleman's Magazine,'' Vol. 34 (1764):261.</ref> | From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. The highest concentrations of transported felons were in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Charles County, Maryland|Charles]], and [[Queen Anne's County, Maryland|Queen Anne's]] counties:<ref name="con">[http://books.google.com/books?id=3TY3AAAAYAAJ "An Account of the Number of Souls in the Province of Maryland, in the Year 1755,"] ''The Gentleman's Magazine,'' Vol. 34 (1764):261.</ref> | ||
{| | {| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="6" | <center>'''Distribution of Convicts in Maryland (1755)'''<ref name="con" /></center> | | bgcolor="#cc99ff" colspan="6" | <center>'''Distribution of Convicts in Maryland (1755)'''<ref name="con" /></center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {| class="wiki sortable" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''County''' | | '''County''' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===== | ===== German Immigrants ===== | ||
The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony. | The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony. | ||
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There is an ongoing project to index an estimated 700,000 Germans who arrived at various U.S. ports including Baltimore City. | There is an ongoing project to index an estimated 700,000 Germans who arrived at various U.S. ports including Baltimore City. | ||
:• Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, eds. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1850-1897.''. 67 Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1988-. | :• Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, eds. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1850-1897.''. 67 Volumes. (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1988-.) {{FHL|582490|item|disp=FHL book 973 W2ger}} | ||
:• Glazier, Ira A., ed. ''Germans to America - series II: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports in the 1840s''. 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2002 Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2004. | :• Glazier, Ira A., ed. ''Germans to America - series II: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports in the 1840s''. 7 vols. (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2002 Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2004.){{FHL|1029014|item|disp=FHL book 973 W2ger Ser. 2}} | ||
Princeton published a history on this group of settlers: | Princeton published a history on this group of German settlers: | ||
*Cunz, Dieter. ''The Maryland Germans: A History.'' Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1948. | :*Cunz, Dieter. ''The Maryland Germans: A History.'' (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1948.) {{FHL|187114|item|disp=FHL fiche 6048035; book 975.2 F2c.}} | ||
===== African Slaves ===== | ===== African Slaves ===== | ||
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Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Maryland ports between 1689 and 1754. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Maryland ports between 1689 and 1754. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | ||
*Shippings Lists for Maryland, 1689-1754 {{FHL|209582|item|disp=FHL | *Shippings Lists for Maryland, 1689-1754 {{FHL|209582|item|disp=FHL film 964007}}. | ||
Ships mentioned in the ''Maryland Gazette'' between 1727 and 1761 have been identified in: | *Ships mentioned in the ''Maryland Gazette'' between 1727 and 1761 have been identified in: | ||
*Green, Karen Mauer. ''The Maryland Gazette, 1727-1761: Genealogical and Historical Abstracts.'' Galveston, Texas: Frontier, 1989. {{FHL|540298|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2g}}. | :*Green, Karen Mauer. ''The Maryland Gazette, 1727-1761: Genealogical and Historical Abstracts.'' (Galveston, Texas: Frontier, 1989.) {{FHL|540298|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2g}}. | ||
[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Maryland ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to: | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Maryland ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to: | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}. | :*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004.) {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}. | ||
Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Maryland (1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | *Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Maryland (1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | ||
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL | :*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL book 970 W2w}}. | ||
Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books, headright grants, and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]]. | *Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books, headright grants, and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]]. | ||
If you believe your ancestor's ship was '''shipwrecked''', Shomette compiled a "Chronological Index to Documented Vessel Losses in the Chesapeake Tidewater (1608-1978)" as an appendix to ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake'' ({{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}) that can lead you to further information.<ref>Donald G. Shomette, ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake: Maritime Disasters on Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries, 1608-1978'' (Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1982), 242-287. {{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}.</ref> | *If you believe your ancestor's ship was '''shipwrecked''', Shomette compiled a "Chronological Index to Documented Vessel Losses in the Chesapeake Tidewater (1608-1978)" as an appendix to ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake'' ({{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}) that can lead you to further information.<ref>Donald G. Shomette, ''Shipwrecks on the Chesapeake: Maritime Disasters on Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries, 1608-1978'' (Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1982), 242-287. {{FHL|487703|item|disp=FHL Book 975 U3s}}.</ref> | ||
===== Colonial Ports ===== | ===== Colonial Ports ===== | ||
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After 1957, few passenger lists were submitted to the government. Alien records and naturalization records are more useful than the passenger lists and are easier to obtain. | After 1957, few passenger lists were submitted to the government. Alien records and naturalization records are more useful than the passenger lists and are easier to obtain. | ||
=== Before Using | === Before Using Emigration/Immigration Records, Know This === | ||
Before using passenger lists, it is very helpful to know the following about the passenger: | Before using passenger lists, it is very helpful to know the following about the passenger: | ||
:•Name as used in the U.S. and in the "Old Country" | :•Name as used in the U.S. and in the "Old Country" | ||
:•Variations | :•Variations for spelling of the passenger's name | ||
:•Nicknames | :•Nicknames | ||
:•Approximate age when arrived in the U.S. | :•Approximate age when arrived in the U.S. | ||
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=== Ports for Immigrants to Maryland === | === Ports for Immigrants to Maryland === | ||
The major port of entry into Maryland was Baltimore. Most Baltimore passenger lists are on microfilm at the National Archives, the Maryland Historical Society, the Baltimore City Archives, and the Family History Library. | The major port of entry into Maryland was Baltimore. Most Baltimore passenger lists are on microfilm at the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives], the [http://www.mdhs.org/ Maryland Historical Society,] the [http://baltimorecityhistory.net/ Baltimore City Archives,] and the Family History Library. | ||
Baltimore and Annapolis were the two major ports of arrival for convicts transported to the American colonies from England.<ref>Peter Wilson Coldham, ''British Emigrants in Bondage.''</ref> | *Baltimore and Annapolis were the two major ports of arrival for convicts transported to the American colonies from England.<ref>Peter Wilson Coldham, ''British Emigrants in Bondage.''</ref> | ||
Some immigrants arrived at Annapolis, Havre de Grace, Nottingham, and St. Mary's. The only known customs passenger lists for other Maryland ports are: | *Some immigrants arrived at Annapolis, Havre de Grace, Nottingham, and St. Mary's. The only known customs passenger lists for other Maryland ports are: | ||
:• Annapolis, 1849 | :• Annapolis, 1849 {{FHL|66154item|disp=FHL film 830231.}} | ||
:• Havre de Grace, 1820 | :• Havre de Grace, 1820 {{FHL|66154|item|disp=film 830234.}} | ||
Immigrants to Maryland, especially western Maryland, may have arrived in Philadelphia (see [[Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration]]. | *Immigrants to Maryland, especially western Maryland, may have arrived in Philadelphia (see [[Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration]]. | ||
=== Baltimore Arrivals, 1820 to 1891 === | === Baltimore Arrivals, 1820 to 1891 === | ||
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:- 1820-1874. United States. Bureau of Customs. ''A Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports (Excluding New York) 1820-1874''. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, 1960. (FHL Films {{FHL|67478|title-id|disp=418161-348}}) This indexes the Baltimore City abstracts through June 1869 and the existing Annapolis and Havre de Grace lists (see the paragraph labelled "Other Ports"). | :- 1820-1874. United States. Bureau of Customs. ''A Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports (Excluding New York) 1820-1874''. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, 1960. (FHL Films {{FHL|67478|title-id|disp=418161-348}}) This indexes the Baltimore City abstracts through June 1869 and the existing Annapolis and Havre de Grace lists (see the paragraph labelled "Other Ports"). | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
=== FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers 1820-1891 === | === FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers 1820-1891 === | ||
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[http://www.germanroots.com/baltlists1820.html FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers] for Baltimore Passenger Lists 1820-1891 is arranged chronologically, showing the FHL film numbers and corresponding NARA film numbers. | [http://www.germanroots.com/baltlists1820.html FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers] for Baltimore Passenger Lists 1820-1891 is arranged chronologically, showing the FHL film numbers and corresponding NARA film numbers. | ||
'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:''' | '''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:''' | ||
[[Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists ( FamilySearch Historical Records)]] | [[Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists ( FamilySearch Historical Records)]] | ||
=== Baltimore Arrivals, 1892-1952 === | === Baltimore Arrivals, 1892-1952 === | ||
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Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially [[Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland|Baltimore]]. | Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially [[Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland|Baltimore]]. | ||
Free native-born Marylanders, alive in 1850, who had left the state, resettled as follows:<br> | Free native-born Marylanders, alive in 1850, who had left the state, resettled as follows:<br> | ||
*~65,000 in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri | *~65,000 in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri | ||
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*''Marylanders to Carolina: Migration of Marylanders to '''North '''and '''South Carolina''' Prior to 1800''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1994. {{FHL|697531|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W2ped}}. | *''Marylanders to Carolina: Migration of Marylanders to '''North '''and '''South Carolina''' Prior to 1800''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1994. {{FHL|697531|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W2ped}}. | ||
*''Marylanders to '''Kentucky''', 1775-1825''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1991. {{FHL|479508|item|disp=FHL Book 976.9 W2p}}.<br> | *''Marylanders to '''Kentucky''', 1775-1825''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1991. {{FHL|479508|item|disp=FHL Book 976.9 W2p}}.<br> | ||
*''More Marylanders to '''Kentucky '''1778-1828''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1997. {{FHL|678345|item|disp=FHL Book 976.9 W2pe}}.<br> | *''More Marylanders to '''Kentucky '''1778-1828''. Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1997. {{FHL|678345|item|disp=FHL Book 976.9 W2pe}}.<br> | ||
*''Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FHL|1332047|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2phc}}.<br> | *''Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FHL|1332047|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2phc}}.<br> | ||
*''More Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FHL|1379744|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2phc v. 2}}.<br> | *''More Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FHL|1379744|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2phc v. 2}}.<br> | ||
*''Marylanders to '''Tennessee''', 1775-1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2004. {{FHL|1202774|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W2pm}}.<br> | *''Marylanders to '''Tennessee''', 1775-1835''. Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2004. {{FHL|1202774|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W2pm}}.<br> | ||