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Iowa emigration changed footnotes to references
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[[Image: | [[Image:Emigrants Coming to Iowa - History of Iowa.jpg|thumb|right|180x108px|Emigrants Coming to Iowa - History of Iowa.jpg]] United States Emigration and Immigration [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]][[Iowa|Iowa]][[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] | ||
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[[Iowa]] has no ports; consequently, many Iowa residents immigrated through ports in New York, New Orleans, or Canada. Passenger lists since 1820 may contain a person’s age, the state or country of birth, immigration date, occupation, names of children. After 29 July 1906, the passenger lists also contain a physical description. | [[Iowa]] has no ports; consequently, many Iowa residents immigrated through ports in New York, New Orleans, or Canada. Passenger lists since 1820 may contain a person’s age, the state or country of birth, immigration date, occupation, names of children. After 29 July 1906, the passenger lists also contain a physical description. | ||
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=== Groups === | === Groups === | ||
The principal groups that came to Iowa from the early 1800s to the early 1900s were: <br> | The principal groups that came to Iowa from the early 1800s to the early 1900s were: <br> | ||
'''1788-1810'''<br>The first European settlers in Iowa were French-Canadians, who worked in the lead mines near present-day Dubuque. <ref>[http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/Browse/leadzinc/leadzinc.htm Lead and Zinc Mining in the Dubuque Area] </ref><br> | '''1788-1810'''<br>The first European settlers in Iowa were French-Canadians, who worked in the lead mines near present-day Dubuque. <ref>[http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/Browse/leadzinc/leadzinc.htm Lead and Zinc Mining in the Dubuque Area] </ref><br> | ||
'''1833–50'''<br>[http://www.qcmemory.org/Default.aspx?PageId=260&nt=207&nt2=229 The Black Hawk Treaty of 1833] opened most of Iowa to white settlement. Southern Iowa immigration began as the American government negotiated treaties extinguishing the remaining [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/iowa/iowahist.htm Indian claims]. Settlers came from other states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee. Northern Iowa immigration came primarily from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Middle Atlantic and New England states. <br> | '''1833–50'''<br>[http://www.qcmemory.org/Default.aspx?PageId=260&nt=207&nt2=229 The Black Hawk Treaty of 1833] opened most of Iowa to white settlement. Southern Iowa immigration began as the American government negotiated treaties extinguishing the remaining [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/iowa/iowahist.htm Indian claims]. Settlers came from other states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee. Northern Iowa immigration came primarily from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Middle Atlantic and New England states. <br> | ||
'''1850–60'''<br>The population of Iowa nearly tripled. Ohio and Indiana contributed more settlers than all other states and immigration from Europe increased. Among the many German immigrants were the [http://www.amanacolonies.com/history.htm Amana colonists], who settled in Iowa in 1855 after having first lived near Buffalo, New York. Many immigrants arrived from Britain and Ireland. | '''1850–60'''<br>The population of Iowa nearly tripled. Ohio and Indiana contributed more settlers than all other states and immigration from Europe increased. Among the many German immigrants were the [http://www.amanacolonies.com/history.htm Amana colonists], who settled in Iowa in 1855 after having first lived near Buffalo, New York. Many immigrants arrived from Britain and Ireland. | ||
*''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' <ref>Guth, Hermann . ''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' Elverson, Pennsylvania : Mennonite Family History, c1986, (Family History Library Book, 943.41 D2g) </ref> | *''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' <ref>Guth, Hermann . ''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' Elverson, Pennsylvania : Mennonite Family History, c1986, (Family History Library Book, 943.41 D2g) </ref> | ||
*[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3433 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records] | *[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3433 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records] | ||
*[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3436 German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records] <br> | *[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3436 German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records] <br> | ||
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'''Late 1800'''<br>Many Scandinavians immigrated. | '''Late 1800'''<br>Many Scandinavians immigrated. | ||
*''Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa'' | *''Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa, '' George T. (Tobias) Flom. (Iowa City: Iowa:[http://www.iowahistory.org/ The State Historical Society of Iowa]. Reprinted from Iowa Journal of History and politics for 1905-6). 150 p. {{FHL|112213|item|disp= FHL Film 989450 Item 7}}<br> | ||
'''Early 1900s'''<br>Small groups of Austro-Hungarians and Italians arrived. | '''Early 1900s'''<br>Small groups of Austro-Hungarians and Italians arrived. | ||
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*The westward migration of Latter-day Saints opened an [http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library/pioneercompanysearch/1,15773,3966-1,00.html overland trail] from the Mississippi River to Council Bluffs which was still used by covered wagons long after the railroad first reached the Mississippi in 1854. | *The westward migration of Latter-day Saints opened an [http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library/pioneercompanysearch/1,15773,3966-1,00.html overland trail] from the Mississippi River to Council Bluffs which was still used by covered wagons long after the railroad first reached the Mississippi in 1854. | ||
*''Mormon handcart story'' | *''Mormon handcart story'' by Gustive Olaf Larson. (Salt Lake City, Utah : Deseret Book, c1956) {{FHL|145182|item|disp= FHL Book 979.2 H2Lm}} Lists captain of company, number in company, number died, date of departure from Iowa City, Iowa, and date of arrival in Salt Lake City, Utah. | ||
Until 1850 most overseas immigrants came through the ports of New Orleans or New York. After 1850 most European settlers came through ports in New York or Canada. | Until 1850 most overseas immigrants came through the ports of New Orleans or New York. After 1850 most European settlers came through ports in New York or Canada. | ||
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For detailed information about federal immigration sources, including Canadian border-crossing records, see the [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada Emigration]] | For detailed information about federal immigration sources, including Canadian border-crossing records, see the [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada Emigration]] | ||
*''Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources'' | *''Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources'', Alice Eichholz, ed. (Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1992). {{FHL|611946|item|disp=FHL book 973 D27rb 1992}}. Contains bibliographies and background information on history and ethnic groups. Also contains maps and tables showing when each county was created. | ||
== Websites == | == Websites == | ||
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=== Sources and Footnotes === | === Sources and Footnotes === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Iowa|Emigration]] [[Category:Emigration_and_Immigration]] [[Category:Dutch]] [[Category:Mennonites]] [[Category:Germans]] | [[Category:Iowa|Emigration]] [[Category:Emigration_and_Immigration]] [[Category:Dutch]] [[Category:Mennonites]] [[Category:Germans]] | ||