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Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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Many people came to Pennsylvania and the other colonies as '''indentured servants'''. For an excellent discussion of "unfree labor," see Sharon V. Salinger, ''To Serve Well and Faithfully: Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania, 1682-1800'' (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987; Family History Library book {{FHL|604594|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 E6ss}}. It includes the names of some individuals who were indentured servants. The sources Salinger used can provide examples of the kind of records to search to find out information about these individuals. | Many people came to Pennsylvania and the other colonies as '''indentured servants'''. For an excellent discussion of "unfree labor," see Sharon V. Salinger, ''To Serve Well and Faithfully: Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania, 1682-1800'' (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987; Family History Library book {{FHL|604594|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 E6ss}}. It includes the names of some individuals who were indentured servants. The sources Salinger used can provide examples of the kind of records to search to find out information about these individuals. | ||
Various immigrant aid societies assisted poor Europeans who wished to settle in Pennsylvania, including: | Various immigrant aid societies assisted poor Europeans (usually focusing on a single nationality) who wished to settle in Pennsylvania, including: | ||
*The Society of Ancient Bretons (1729), | *The Society of Ancient Bretons (1729 - Welsh), known as The Welsh Society from 1802 forward | ||
*The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia (1749 | *The St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia (1749 - Scots) | ||
*Hibernian Club of Philadelphia (1759 - Irish) | |||
*Hibernian Club of Philadelphia (1759 | *''Die Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Philadelphia'' (1764 - Germans) | ||
*Friendly Sons of St. Patrick (1771 - Irish) | |||
*''Die Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Philadelphia'' (1764) | *The Society of the Sons of St. George (1772 - English) | ||
*The Society of the Sons of St. George (1772) | *The Hibernian Society for the Relief of Emigrants from Ireland (1790 - Irish) | ||
*''La | *''La Société Française de Bienfaisance de Philadelphie, pour conseiller et secourir les Français'' (1791 - French) | ||
*The Philadelphia Society for the Information and Assistance of Emigrants and Persons Emigrating from Foreign Countries (organized 1793)<ref>Erna Risch, "Immigrant Aid Societies Before 1820," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan. 1936):15-33. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> | |||
In the 1870s Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of immigrants from '''southern and eastern Europe'''. These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, blacks from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers. | In the 1870s Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of immigrants from '''southern and eastern Europe'''. These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, blacks from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers. | ||
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*Bodnar, John E. ''The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania.'' (Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1973). {{FHL|257844|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 F2bo}}. | *Bodnar, John E. ''The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania.'' (Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1973). {{FHL|257844|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 F2bo}}. | ||
=== Records === | === Records === | ||
'''Philadelphia '''has been a major port of entry for European immigrants since the seventeenth century. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of passenger arrival records from the National Archives, including: | '''Philadelphia '''has been a major port of entry for European immigrants since the seventeenth century. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of passenger arrival records from the National Archives, including: | ||
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*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL Book 970 W2w}}. | *Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL Book 970 W2w}}. | ||
Many ships were built in Philadelphia in the late 1600s and 1700s.<ref>Harrold E. Gillingham, "Some Colonial Ships Built in Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr. 1932):156-186. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate]; Louis F. Middlebrook, "The Ship Mary of Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 2 (Apr. 1934):127-151. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> | Many ships were built in Philadelphia in the late 1600s and 1700s.<ref>Harrold E. Gillingham, "Some Colonial Ships Built in Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr. 1932):156-186. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate]; Louis F. Middlebrook, "The Ship Mary of Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 2 (Apr. 1934):127-151. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> | ||
=== Migration Out of Pennsylvania === | === Migration Out of Pennsylvania === | ||
During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169; William H. Gehrke, "The Beginning of the Pennsylvania-German Element in Rowan and Cabarrus Counties, North Carolina," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct. 1934):342-369. For free online access to both articles, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> | During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169; William H. Gehrke, "The Beginning of the Pennsylvania-German Element in Rowan and Cabarrus Counties, North Carolina," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct. 1934):342-369. For free online access to both articles, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> | ||
== Web Sites == | == Web Sites == | ||