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Czech Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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'''''Gender.'''''Czech words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe the singular and plural forms of Czech words must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings: | '''''Gender.'''''Czech words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe the singular and plural forms of Czech words must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings: | ||
This word list gives only the singular masculine form of adjectives. Thus, ''starý, stará, staré,''and ''stař''''í'' (all forms of “old”) are listed as ''starý.''The endings of past tense verbs also change, depending on the gender and number of the subject: | This word list gives only the singular masculine form of adjectives. Thus, ''starý, stará, staré,''and ''stař''''í''''''''(all forms of “old”) are listed as ''starý.'' The endings of past tense verbs also change, depending on the gender and number of the subject:''' | ||
This word list gives only the ''narodil se'' (“he was born”) form of the past tense verb. You can conclude that ''narodila se'' means “she was born,” etc. | This word list gives only the ''narodil se'' (“he was born”) form of the past tense verb. You can conclude that ''narodila se'' means “she was born,” etc. | ||
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Words ending in ''-o'' change to ''-a:'' | Words ending in ''-o'' change to ''-a:'' | ||
* ''město''city ''města'' cities | * ''město'' city ''města'' cities | ||
Words ending in ''-e'' and ''-í'' do not change: | Words ending in ''-e'' and ''-í'' do not change: | ||
* ''ulice''street ''ulice'' streets | * ''ulice'' street ''ulice'' streets | ||
Words ending in a consonant add ''-y.'' A few words add ''-i, -ové,''or ''-e'' to form the plural: | Words ending in a consonant add ''-y.'' A few words add ''-i, -ové,''or ''-e'' to form the plural: | ||
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* ''dít''ě child ''děti'' children | * ''dít''ě child ''děti'' children | ||
* ''bratr''brother ''brat''ř''i'' brothers | * ''bratr'' brother ''brat''ř''i'' brothers | ||
* ''zámek''palace ''zámky''palaces | * ''zámek'' palace ''zámky''palaces | ||
'''''Grammatical Use.''''' The endings of Czech words can also vary, depending on the grammatical use of the words. Czech grammar requires a different ending for a word used as a subject, a possessive, an object, or with a preposition. Czech words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Certain possessive endings give the meaning “of” to a word. Nouns change the endings to show possession. Nouns ending with a consonant add ''-a''or -''e'':<br> | '''''Grammatical Use.''''' The endings of Czech words can also vary, depending on the grammatical use of the words. Czech grammar requires a different ending for a word used as a subject, a possessive, an object, or with a preposition. Czech words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Certain possessive endings give the meaning “of” to a word. Nouns change the endings to show possession. Nouns ending with a consonant add ''-a''or -''e'':<br> | ||
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* ''bratr'' brother ''bratra'' of brother | * ''bratr'' brother ''bratra'' of brother | ||
* ''mu''ž husband ''muže | * ''mu''ž husband ''muže''of husband | ||
Nouns ending with ''-a'' add ''-y:'' | Nouns ending with ''-a'' add ''-y:'' | ||
* ''sestra'' sister ''sestry''of sister | * ''sestra'' sister ''sestry'' of sister | ||
Nouns ending with ''-o'' add ''-a:'' | Nouns ending with ''-o'' add ''-a:'' | ||
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Plural masculine nouns change to ''-''_''<nowiki>:</nowiki>'' | Plural masculine nouns change to ''-''_''<nowiki>:</nowiki>'' | ||
* | * '''muži''husbands ''mu''ž_ of husbands | ||
Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel: | Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel: | ||
* ''ženy''wife ''žen | * ''ženy'' wife ''žen''of wives | ||
Adjectives change the endings to show possession. Adjectives ending in ''-ý'' change to ''-ého:'' | Adjectives change the endings to show possession. Adjectives ending in ''-ý'' change to ''-ého:'' | ||
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Adjectives ending in ''-í'' change to ''-ího:'' | Adjectives ending in ''-í'' change to ''-ího:'' | ||
* ''první'' first ''prvního''of the first | * ''první'' first ''prvního'' of the first | ||
Plural adjectives ending in ''-ý'' or ''-í'' add -''ch:'' | Plural adjectives ending in ''-ý'' or ''-í'' add -''ch:'' | ||
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* ''Syn zemřelého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevové'' means “son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).” | * ''Syn zemřelého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevové'' means “son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).” | ||
* ''Manželství mezi Karlem Václavem Havlem a Barborou Marií Kozárovou''means “marriage between Karel Václav Havel and Barbora Marie Kozárová (Kozár).” | * ''Manželství mezi Karlem Václavem Havlem a Barborou Marií Kozárovou'' means “marriage between Karel Václav Havel and Barbora Marie Kozárová (Kozár).” | ||
'''Alphabetical Order''' | '''Alphabetical Order''' | ||
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Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, _, _, | Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, _, _, | ||
é, ě, í, _, ó, _, š, ř, ú, _, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch''is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,''and ''x''are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | é, ě, í, _, ó, _, š, ř, ú, _, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch'' is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,'' and ''x'' are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | ||
a,á b c,_ d,_ e,é,ě f g h ch i,í j k l m n, _ o,ó p (q) r, | a,á b c,_ d,_ e,é,ě f g h ch i,í j k l m n, _ o,ó p (q) r,ř s,š t,_ u,ú,_ v (w) ( x) y, ý z,ž | ||
This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | ||
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* ''rz'' used for ''ř''<br> | * ''rz'' used for ''ř''<br> | ||
* ''sz'' used for ''š'' | * ''sz'' used for ''š'' | ||
* ''cz''used for _ | * ''cz'' used for _ | ||
Czech is a phonetic language, which means words are pronounced as they are written. | Czech is a phonetic language, which means words are pronounced as they are written. | ||