88
edits
Apprenticeship in London and Borough Towns (view source)
Revision as of 12:38, 28 August 2011
, 28 August 2011no edit summary
AnthonyJCamp (talk | contribs) (headings; acknowledgment added) |
AnthonyJCamp (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
== ''' | == '''Borough Towns''' == | ||
Guilds similar to those in London arose in much the same way from religious fraternities in many provincial boroughs and cities in the 12th century. They flourished in medieval times, controlling the quality and price of the goods produced by their members, but declined rapidly after the Reformation and had largely disappeared by the early 17th century. In some place, however, guilds were founded at later dates, and were characterised by amalgamation and subsequent decline. A few guilds or companies continue today, but usually have only social and charitable purposes.<br> | Guilds similar to those in London arose in much the same way from religious fraternities in many provincial boroughs and cities in the 12th century. They flourished in medieval times, controlling the quality and price of the goods produced by their members, but declined rapidly after the Reformation and had largely disappeared by the early 17th century. In some place, however, guilds were founded at later dates, and were characterised by amalgamation and subsequent decline. A few guilds or companies continue today, but usually have only social and charitable purposes.<br> | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
The numbers of freemen in almost every provincial town declined rapidly after 1800. In most places only about half the adult male labour-force had at any time consisted of freemen, though control must have varied from place to place. In early times the completeness of the registration may be suspect and later some men avoided freedom because of the expense involved. | The numbers of freemen in almost every provincial town declined rapidly after 1800. In most places only about half the adult male labour-force had at any time consisted of freemen, though control must have varied from place to place. In early times the completeness of the registration may be suspect and later some men avoided freedom because of the expense involved. | ||
=== '''Records''' === | === '''Records''' === | ||
The surviving records of the companies are usually found, along with the freedom rolls, in the city archives or appropriate record offices. Published freedom rolls include those for Bristol, Canterbury, Chester (to 1805), Coventry, Exeter, Gloucester, Guildford, Lancaster, Leicester, Newcastle upon Tyne (to 1710), Norwich (to 1752), Oxford (apprentices to 1800) and York (to 1759). If the freeman elected a representative to Parliament then a printed or manuscript poll book may give their names and from 1832 to 1918 they will appear in electoral registers. | The surviving records of the companies are usually found, along with the freedom rolls, in the city archives or appropriate record offices. Published freedom rolls include those for Bristol, Canterbury, Chester (to 1805), Coventry, Exeter, Gloucester, Guildford, Lancaster, Leicester, Newcastle upon Tyne (to 1710), Norwich (to 1752), Oxford (apprentices to 1800) and York (to 1759). If the freeman elected a representative to Parliament then a printed or manuscript poll book may give their names and from 1832 to 1918 they will appear in electoral registers. | ||
At Liverpool Record Office there is, in addition to the usual record of freemen, a series of certificates brought to Liverpool by freemen of other boroughs who wished to work there. They came from various places including London and Bristol and there are a number from Wexford and Waterford in Ireland 1754-1841. Similar records may exist in other places where the vestiges of some trade restriction still remained. | At Liverpool Record Office there is, in addition to the usual record of freemen, a series of certificates brought to Liverpool by freemen of other boroughs who wished to work there. They came from various places including London and Bristol and there are a number from Wexford and Waterford in Ireland 1754-1841. Similar records may exist in other places where the vestiges of some trade restriction still remained. | ||
== Acknowledgment == | == Acknowledgment == | ||