(Changed "Rating" to "Content".) |
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*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian Behind the Name: Latvian Given Names] | *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian Behind the Name: Latvian Given Names] | ||
*Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians make up around one third of Latvia's population. | *Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians make up around one third of Latvia's population. | ||
{{Block indent|*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian Behind the Name: Russian Surnames]}} | |||
{{Block indent|*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian Behind the Name: Russian Given Names]}} | |||
{{Block indent|*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/ukrainian Behind the Name: Ukrainian Surnames]}} | |||
{{Block indent|*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian Behind the Name: Belarusian Surnames]}} | |||
{{Block indent|*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian Behind the Name: Belarusian Given Names]}} | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname FamilySearch's surname experience] - enter your last name to find its meaning and origin | *[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname FamilySearch's surname experience] - enter your last name to find its meaning and origin | ||
==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
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*During the Soviet occupation (1940–1941;1944–1991) the practice of giving a middle name (otrais vārds) was discouraged, but since the restoration of Independence Latvian legislation again allows giving of up to two given names and it has become more common to give a middle name to children.<ref name="lat">"Latvian name," in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_name, accessed 6 March 2021.</ref> | *During the Soviet occupation (1940–1941;1944–1991) the practice of giving a middle name (otrais vārds) was discouraged, but since the restoration of Independence Latvian legislation again allows giving of up to two given names and it has become more common to give a middle name to children.<ref name="lat">"Latvian name," in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_name, accessed 6 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*There are normally different endings to family names for men and women: | *There are normally different endings to family names for men and women: | ||
{{Block indent|*e.g. (male) KALNINŠ, (feminine) KALNINA.}} | |||
*Male Latvian personal and family names typically end in -s (-š). Some may be derived from Russian names, with an -s ending: | *Male Latvian personal and family names typically end in -s (-š). Some may be derived from Russian names, with an -s ending: | ||
{{Block indent|*e.g. Vladislavs KAZANOVS.}} | |||
*Female Latvian personal and family names typically end in -a or -e. | *Female Latvian personal and family names typically end in -a or -e. | ||
{{Block indent|*e.g. Jelena GALANTE.}} | |||
*Married women typically take their husband’s family name with the feminine ending: | *Married women typically take their husband’s family name with the feminine ending: | ||
{{Block indent|*e.g. the wife of Janis KALNINŠ would be Ilga KALNINA<ref>*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf A Guide To Names and Naming Practices, UK Names Guide]</ref>}} | |||
*Most Latvian peasants received their surnames in 1826 (in Vidzeme), in 1835 (in Courland), and in 1866 (in Latgale). *Diminutives were the most common form of family names. Examples: Kalniņš/Kalniņa (small hill), Bērziņš/Bērziņa (small birch). | *Most Latvian peasants received their surnames in 1826 (in Vidzeme), in 1835 (in Courland), and in 1866 (in Latgale). *Diminutives were the most common form of family names. Examples: Kalniņš/Kalniņa (small hill), Bērziņš/Bērziņa (small birch). | ||
*During the times when Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, in official usage Latvian names were commonly Russified. In particular, it followed the three-part pattern of Russian names: given name, patronymic, family name. Also, the masculine endings of first names were often truncated. For example, poet Imants Ziedonis was officially called Imant Yanovich Ziedonis (Имант Янович Зиедонис) <ref name="lat"/> | *During the times when Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, in official usage Latvian names were commonly Russified. In particular, it followed the three-part pattern of Russian names: given name, patronymic, family name. Also, the masculine endings of first names were often truncated. For example, poet Imants Ziedonis was officially called Imant Yanovich Ziedonis (Имант Янович Зиедонис) <ref name="lat"/> | ||
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