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Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/kickapoo/kickapoohist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Kickapoo tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/illinois/index.htm#Kickapoo The Indian Tribes of North America.] | Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/kickapoo/kickapoohist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Kickapoo tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/illinois/index.htm#Kickapoo The Indian Tribes of North America.] | ||
Superintendency | Superintendency | ||
[[ | [[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]] | ||
=== Reservations === | |||
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | |||
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | |||
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether. | |||
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/il.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois. | |||
[[Shawnee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Reservation]] | [[Shawnee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Reservation]] | ||
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=== Agencies === | === Agencies === | ||
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. | |||
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others. | |||
[[Shawnee Indian Agency (Kansas)|Shawnee Agency]] | [[Shawnee Indian Agency (Kansas)|Shawnee Agency]] | ||
[[Fort Leavenworth Indian Agency (Kansas)|Fort Leavenworth Agency]] 1824-51 | [[Fort Leavenworth Indian Agency (Kansas)|Fort Leavenworth Agency]] 1824-51 | ||
[[Great Nemaha Indian Agency (Kansas)|Great Nemaha Agency]] 1851-55 | [[Great Nemaha Indian Agency (Kansas)|Great Nemaha Agency]] 1851-55 | ||
[[Kickapoo Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kickapoo Agency]] 1855-76 (Mexican Kickapoo 1874-80) | [[Kickapoo Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kickapoo Agency]] 1855-76 (Mexican Kickapoo 1874-80) | ||
[[Horton Indian Agency (Kansas)|Horton (Pottawatomie) Agency]] 1874-80 | [[Horton Indian Agency (Kansas)|Horton (Pottawatomie) Agency]] 1874-80 | ||
[[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Sac and Fox Agency]] 1874-80 | [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Sac and Fox Agency]] 1874-80 | ||
=== Records === | === Records === | ||