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→Background: added arabic names of tribes
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Some of the major tribes in Saudi Arabia are as follows: 'Anaza (<big>عنزة</big>), Harb (<big>حرب</big>), 'Utaybah (<big>عتيبة</big>), Al Murrah (<big>آل مرة</big>), Shammar (<big>شمر</big>), Mutayr (<big>مطير</big>), Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), Ruwala (<big>الرولة</big>), Dawasir (<big>الدواسر</big>), Manasir (<big>المناصير</big>), Munjaha (<big>المنجحه</big>), Yam (<big>يام</big>), Ghamid (<big>غامد</big>), Shahran (<big>شهران</big>), Al-Jahadilah (<big>الجحادلة</big>), Juhaynah (<big>جهينة</big>), Balt, Huwaytat (<big>الحويطات</big>), Bani Hajir (<big>بني هاجر</big>), Bani Khalid (<big>بني خالد</big>), Quraysh (<big>قريش</big>), Al Rashid (<big>آل رشيد</big>), 'Ajman (<big>العجمان</big>), and 'Awazim (<big>العوازم</big>).<ref>Ragaei El Mallakh & Dorothea H. El Mallakh, ''Saudi Arabia'' (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1982), 94. (7 October 2024) '''''Online at:''''' [https://ncusar.org/publications/Publications/1982-07-01-Saudi-Arabia.pdf Internet version (pdf)].</ref> Given that the Arabian Peninsula is the ancestral homeland of Arabs and the area from which Arabic and Islam spread throughout much of the Middle East and North Africa, many of these tribes extend beyond the borders of Saudi Arabia. | |||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, | Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders. | ||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | |||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | ==Information Recorded in the Records== | ||