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Iraq was ruled by the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] from 1534 to 1920, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831. During this time, it was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920, the [[England Genealogy|British Mandate]] of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations and a British-backed monarchy joined these vilayets into one Kingdom. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932 and in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq has experienced significant emigration due to military and political conflicts, leading to a large diaspora of Iraqis in [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]], particularly in the early 21st century. | Iraq was ruled by the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] from 1534 to 1920, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831. During this time, it was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920, the [[England Genealogy|British Mandate]] of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations and a British-backed monarchy joined these vilayets into one Kingdom. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932 and in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq has experienced significant emigration due to military and political conflicts, leading to a large diaspora of Iraqis in [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]], particularly in the early 21st century. | ||
Iraq is now home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with additional small populations of Christians, Yarsans, Yezids and Mandeans. Despite the challenges of colonial rule and subsequent conflicts, Iraq boasts a rich cultural heritage and resilient spirit and is renowned for its historical sites, cultural traditions, literature, music, and art.<ref>"Iraq," Wikipedia, updated 4 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq.</ref> | Iraq is now home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with additional small populations of Christians, Yarsans, Yezids and Mandeans. Despite the challenges of colonial rule and subsequent conflicts, Iraq boasts a rich cultural heritage and resilient spirit and is renowned for its historical sites, cultural traditions, literature, music, and art.<ref>"Iraq," Wikipedia, updated 4 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq.</ref><ref>''Studies on historical writing in Islamic times'' by Ezzat, Faiza Mohammed. Irbīl, Iraq:Maktab al-Tafsīr lil-Ṭabʻ wa-al-Nashr, 2022. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932100}} دراسات عن الكتابة التأريخية في العصور الأسلامية : عزت ، فائزة محمد</ref><ref>''Al-Battat in the Islamic world and sources of proof: a relative historical study'' by Abu Saeeda, Hussein. Beirut, Lebanon:Muʼassasat al-Balāgh lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2012. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939971}} آل البطاط في العالم الإسلامي و مصادر الإثبات : دراسة تاريخية نسبية /أبو سعيدة، حسين</ref><ref>''The lives of glorious Kurdish scholars'' by Bahraki, Tahir Mulla Abdullah and Abu Bakr Mulla Tahir. Beirut, Lebanon:Dār Ibn Ḥazm lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2015. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939985}} حياة الأمجاد من العلماء الأكراد / بحركي، طاهر ملا عبد الله بحركي، المحروس ابو بكر ملا طاهر</ref> | ||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||