African American Migration: Difference between revisions

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}}<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[African American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>
}}<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[African American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>


==African American Migration==
A record of major migrations of African Americans and precipitating events.  <br><br>
A record of major migrations of African Americans and precipitating events.  <br><br>


==== American Revolution ====
== American Revolution ==


Enslaved Americans migrated to Canada in search of freedom after the American Revolution See: [http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/web-sites-on-africans-in-canada/ Africans in Canada]
Enslaved Americans migrated to Canada in search of freedom after the American Revolution See: [http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/web-sites-on-africans-in-canada/ Africans in Canada]


=== Emigration to Canada ===
== Emigration to Canada ==
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/374424-the-refugee-or-the-narratives-of-fugitive-slaves-in-canada-microform?offset=1 Benjamin Drew. ''A north-side view of slavery : the refugee, or, The narratives of fugitive slaves in Canada related by themselves, with an account of the history and condition of the colored population of Upper Canada.'' Boston: John P. Jewett and Company, 1856. Digital Book]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/374424-the-refugee-or-the-narratives-of-fugitive-slaves-in-canada-microform?offset=1 Benjamin Drew. ''A north-side view of slavery : the refugee, or, The narratives of fugitive slaves in Canada related by themselves, with an account of the history and condition of the colored population of Upper Canada.'' Boston: John P. Jewett and Company, 1856. Digital Book]  
*{{FSC|1804488|item|disp=George Hendrick. ''Black refugees in Canada : accounts of escape during the era of slavery.'' Jefferson, McFarland & Co., 2010. FS Library 971 H6h}}
*{{FSC|1804488|item|disp=George Hendrick. ''Black refugees in Canada : accounts of escape during the era of slavery.'' Jefferson, McFarland & Co., 2010. FS Library 971 H6h}}
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*[https://archive.org/details/undergroundrail00stil/page/n11 William Still.''The underground rail road : a record of facts, authentic narratives, letters, &c., narrating the hardships, hair-breadth escapes, and death struggles of the slaves in their efforts for freedom, as related by themselves and others or witnessed by the author : together with sketches of some of the largest stockholders and most liberal aiders and advisers of the road.'' Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1872.]  
*[https://archive.org/details/undergroundrail00stil/page/n11 William Still.''The underground rail road : a record of facts, authentic narratives, letters, &c., narrating the hardships, hair-breadth escapes, and death struggles of the slaves in their efforts for freedom, as related by themselves and others or witnessed by the author : together with sketches of some of the largest stockholders and most liberal aiders and advisers of the road.'' Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1872.]  


==== [https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1205/index.htm Nework to Freedom - National Park Service] ====
== Network to Freedom - National Park Service ==


*'''[https://www.nps.gov/subjects/ugrr/about_ntf/index.htm Network to Freedom - Index]'''
*'''[https://www.nps.gov/subjects/ugrr/about_ntf/index.htm Network to Freedom - Index]'''
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*See routes to freedom taken by enslaved runaways:  [http://www.mhso.ca/ggp/Exhibits/Many_Rivers/undergroundrail.htm Many Rivers to Cross, the African Canadian Experience]
*See routes to freedom taken by enslaved runaways:  [http://www.mhso.ca/ggp/Exhibits/Many_Rivers/undergroundrail.htm Many Rivers to Cross, the African Canadian Experience]


=== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws Fugitive Slave Laws] ===
== Fugitive Slave Laws ==
*''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793 Fugitive Slave Act of 1783]'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws Fugitive Slave Laws]
*''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850 Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793 Fugitive Slave Act of 1783]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850 Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]


*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States Fugitive Slaves in the United States]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States Fugitive Slaves in the United States]
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*{{FSC|29628|item|disp=Helen Honor Tunnicliff Catterall. ''Judicial cases concerning American slavery and the Negro.'' 5 volumes. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1926 reprint. New York, New York : Negro Universities Press, 1968. FS Library Digital Books}}
*{{FSC|29628|item|disp=Helen Honor Tunnicliff Catterall. ''Judicial cases concerning American slavery and the Negro.'' 5 volumes. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1926 reprint. New York, New York : Negro Universities Press, 1968. FS Library Digital Books}}


=== Runaway Enslaved Advertisements ===
== Runaway Enslaved Advertisements ==
'''Online Websites'''
'''Online Websites'''
*[http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/RAS North Carolina Slave Advertisements, 1751-1865]
*[http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/RAS North Carolina Slave Advertisements, 1751-1865]
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*{{FSC|4121997|item|disp=Claude A. Clegg, III.'' The Price of Liberty : African Americans and the making of Liberia.''Chapel Hill, North Carolina : University of North Carolina Press, ©2004 FS Library 966.62 H2c}}
*{{FSC|4121997|item|disp=Claude A. Clegg, III.'' The Price of Liberty : African Americans and the making of Liberia.''Chapel Hill, North Carolina : University of North Carolina Press, ©2004 FS Library 966.62 H2c}}


=== Migration within the United States ===
== Migration within the United States ==


'''Enslaved Populations before the Civil War'''  
'''Enslaved Populations before the Civil War'''  
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[[Category:African_American Records]]
[[Category:African_American Records]]


[[Category:Slavery_and_Bondage]]
[[Category:Slavery_and_Bondage]][[Category:Migration]]

Revision as of 13:37, 14 November 2024

African American Genealogy Wiki Topics
African American Image 5.jpg
Beginning Research
Original Records
Compiled Sources
Background Information
Finding Aids


African American Migration[edit | edit source]

A record of major migrations of African Americans and precipitating events.

American Revolution[edit | edit source]

Enslaved Americans migrated to Canada in search of freedom after the American Revolution See: Africans in Canada

Emigration to Canada[edit | edit source]

Underground Railroad[edit | edit source]

Network to Freedom - National Park Service[edit | edit source]

Reference Sources


State and Local Source

District of Columbia

Illinois

Kentucky

New Jersey

New York

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Vermont

Archives and Libraries[edit | edit source]

Ohio Historical Society

Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Harvard Library

Indiana Department of Natural Resources


Additional Sources

There was a notable community in Nova Scotia. Some of the formerly enslaved persons would intermingle with Canadian Indians, as they often did in the U.S. Don't ignore Canada when looking for your African American ancestors! Check out this site about Harriet Tubman

For more, see: Canada First Nations Genealogy Research Community

Fugitive Slave Laws[edit | edit source]

National Archives Catalog - US District & Circuit Courts Records of Fugitive Slaves Cases

National Archives at New York City

  • Fugitive Slave Case: Stephen Pembrook. National Archives at New York City

FamilySearch Wiki Coverage Table

FamilySearch Catalog

Runaway Enslaved Advertisements[edit | edit source]

Online Websites

Publications

FamilySearch Catalog

Emigration to Liberia[edit | edit source]

Liberia History

American Colonization Society Sources

Library of Congress

State Sources

National Archives

Publications

Migration within the United States[edit | edit source]

Enslaved Populations before the Civil War

By 1790, nearly all Africans to be imported to the United States had already arrived. They lived in primarily four states.

  • Virginia—293,000
  • South Carolina—107,000
  • Maryland—103,000
  • North Carolina—101,000
  • No other state had more than 30,000 enslaved people.

Between 1820 and 1860, huge increases in the enslaved population occurred across the South. Enslaved populations in 1860 are listed below:

  • Virginia—491,000
  • Georgia—462,000
  • Mississippi—437,000
  • Alabama—435,000
  • South Carolina—402,000
  • Louisiana—332,000
  • North Carolina—331,000
  • Tennessee—275,000
  • Kentucky—225,000
  • Texas—183,000
  • Missouri—115,000
  • Arkansas—111,000

Migration after the Civil War
Between 1790 and 1900, 90% of African Americans lived in the South.
By 1960, 50% of African Americans lived in the South.

  • 100,000 African Americans moved to Kansas in late 1870's, early 1880's
  • 500,000 African Americans left the south during WWI (1916-1919)
  • 90,000 to Pennsylvania
  • 73,000 to Illinois
  • 43,000 to Michigan
  • 1 million African Americans left the South in the 1920's
  • 5 million African Americans left the South between 1940-1960
  • During 1970's, African Americans started returning to the South, especially to larger, urban cities.
  • By 1990, 84% of African Americans lived in urban areas.
  • See Field to Factory: Afro-American Migration 1915-1940 by Spencer Crew - at Internet Archive.

Enslaved in the North
By 1800, approximately 37,000 northern African Americans were still reported in bondage. By 1830, most northern states had required freeing of enslaved persons, although 3,600 people remained in bondage, mostly in New Jersey.

Free Blacks
In 1860, there were 488,000 free Blacks or about 10% of total African Americans in the U.S.

  • 46% of free Blacks (226,000) lived in North and West
  • 46% lived in upper South (KY, MD, MO, TN, VA, NC, DC)
  • 8% lived in deep South
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