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England Schools and Education (view source)
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|[[Image:England Schools - Chesire.jpg|thumb|349x261px|<center>England Schools - Chesire<center>]] | |[[Image:England Schools - Chesire.jpg|thumb|349x261px|<center>England Schools - Chesire<center>]] | ||
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*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-army-schoolchildren-and-schoolmasters-1803-1932 British Army Schoolchildren and Schoolmasters 1803-1932] ($), index | == Online Records== | ||
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*'''1803-1932''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-army-schoolchildren-and-schoolmasters-1803-1932 British Army Schoolchildren and Schoolmasters 1803-1932] ($), index | |||
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/yorkshire-school-logs Yorkshire School Logs, various dates] - ($), index only | |||
*'''1836-1946''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62335/ UK and Commonwealth, Law Examination Records, 1836-1946] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | *'''1836-1946''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62335/ UK and Commonwealth, Law Examination Records, 1836-1946] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1870-1914''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/national-school-admission-registers-and-log-books-1870-1914 National School Admission Registers & Log-Books 1870-1914] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | *'''1870-1914''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/national-school-admission-registers-and-log-books-1870-1914 National School Admission Registers & Log-Books 1870-1914] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
=== Schools in England === | === Schools in England === | ||
School records are a [[Primary sources|primary source]] for genealogists. The admission registers of schools administered by local authorities, perhaps from the 1870s but more frequently from 1902, usually show under the date of entry, the child's name and address and his or her date of birth. Some registers, but not all, also show the name and occupation of the parent or guardian, the name of the previous school attended and the reason for leaving. For immigrant children the name of the previous school may uniquely provide the pupil's exact place of origin. These admission registers may enable the brothers and sisters of a pupil to be identified in a way that, with frequent names, would be difficult if not impossible in the records of civil registration. | School records are a [[Primary sources|primary source]] for genealogists. The admission registers of schools administered by local authorities, perhaps from the 1870s but more frequently from 1902, usually show under the date of entry, the child's name and address and his or her date of birth. Some registers, but not all, also show the name and occupation of the parent or guardian, the name of the previous school attended and the reason for leaving. For immigrant children the name of the previous school may uniquely provide the pupil's exact place of origin. These admission registers may enable the brothers and sisters of a pupil to be identified in a way that, with frequent names, would be difficult if not impossible in the records of civil registration. | ||
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In 1906 some councils provided school meals and, in the following year, a basic medical service. From 1902 many of the older, poorly endowed public and grammar schools that provided secondary education were obliged to accept government assistance and become "grant-aided schools". Some had already accepted financial assistance following inquiries by the Charity Commission earlier in the 19th century. Then as now, many saw any weakening in the private sector as an attack, in the words of Sir John Marriott, on "the wholesome variety in educational methods which has been the strength of the educational system in this country". | In 1906 some councils provided school meals and, in the following year, a basic medical service. From 1902 many of the older, poorly endowed public and grammar schools that provided secondary education were obliged to accept government assistance and become "grant-aided schools". Some had already accepted financial assistance following inquiries by the Charity Commission earlier in the 19th century. Then as now, many saw any weakening in the private sector as an attack, in the words of Sir John Marriott, on "the wholesome variety in educational methods which has been the strength of the educational system in this country". | ||
The minimum school leaving age was progressively increased: to 11 in 1893, 12 in 1899 (though in rural areas many continued to leave at 11), 14 in 1918, 15 in 1947 and to 16 in 1972. These dates alone mean little. Five years after the Education Act of 1917, which in theory had abolished the "half-time" system and all the exemptions for children aged between five and fourteen, it is estimated that only 31 | The minimum school leaving age was progressively increased: to 11 in 1893, 12 in 1899 (though in rural areas many continued to leave at 11), 14 in 1918, 15 in 1947 and to 16 in 1972. These dates alone mean little. Five years after the Education Act of 1917, which in theory had abolished the "half-time" system and all the exemptions for children aged between five and fourteen, it is estimated that only 31 percent of 14-year-olds were attending school as they should have been. | ||
=== State Schools === | === State Schools === | ||
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The log may contain comments on attendance, behaviour, discipline, the curriculum, and much other incidental matter, such as the effect of bad weather, epidemics and seasonal work on attendance, but the names of individual pupils only occasionally appear. The names and status of the teachers were recorded at the annual inspection, with a summary of the inspector's report. One of the few published examples is that for Whitchurch, Oxfordshire, 1869-93, edited for the Oxfordshire Record Society, volume 51 (1979) by Pamela Horn [FS Library book {{FSC|216932|title-id|disp=942.57 B4o v.51}}]. | The log may contain comments on attendance, behaviour, discipline, the curriculum, and much other incidental matter, such as the effect of bad weather, epidemics and seasonal work on attendance, but the names of individual pupils only occasionally appear. The names and status of the teachers were recorded at the annual inspection, with a summary of the inspector's report. One of the few published examples is that for Whitchurch, Oxfordshire, 1869-93, edited for the Oxfordshire Record Society, volume 51 (1979) by Pamela Horn [FS Library book {{FSC|216932|title-id|disp=942.57 B4o v.51}}]. | ||
Punishments may be recorded in early logs, but after 1901 they are usually noted in a separate punishment book, showing the name, | Punishments may be recorded in early logs, but after 1901 they are usually noted in a separate punishment book, showing the name, offense and punishment, and, occasionally, other comment. These books survive less frequently than log books. | ||
School magazines and promotional material, such as | School magazines and promotional material, such as yearbooks, survive irregularly but, as today, may reveal examinations results and the names of those in school teams and sometimes the destination of pupils who leave. The printed material may be found at the school, in local studies libraries, and only occasionally in the British Library. | ||
There is no general right of access to school records, and for those school records held in record offices there will be restrictions on access to the most recent records, perhaps of 50 or 60 years for personal records and 30 years for others.<br> | There is no general right of access to school records, and for those school records held in record offices there will be restrictions on access to the most recent records, perhaps of 50 or 60 years for personal records and 30 years for others.<br> | ||
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Pamela Horn, ''The Victorian and Edwardian Schoolchild ''(Alan Sutton, 1989). <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22273014/editions WorldCat]</ref><br>Colin R. Chapman, ''The growth of British education and its records ''(Dursley: Lochin Publishing, 2nd edn. 1996) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28747778/editions WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|509497|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J2cr"}} (Dursley, Gloucestershire : Lochin Publishing, c1991)</ref>[Family History LIbrary book {{FSC|833962|title-id|disp=942 J2cr}}].<br>Colin R. Chapman, ''Using Education Records ''(Federation of Family History Societies, 1999) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622830 WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|833170|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J27c'}} (Ramsbottom, Lancashire : Federation of Family History Societies Publications, c1999)</ref><br>[Adapted from Anthony Camp's article 'Schools and their records: Part 2' in ''Practical Family History'' (UK), no. 68 (August 2003) pages 8-10.<br> | Pamela Horn, ''The Victorian and Edwardian Schoolchild ''(Alan Sutton, 1989). <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22273014/editions WorldCat]</ref><br>Colin R. Chapman, ''The growth of British education and its records ''(Dursley: Lochin Publishing, 2nd edn. 1996) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28747778/editions WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|509497|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J2cr"}} (Dursley, Gloucestershire : Lochin Publishing, c1991)</ref>[Family History LIbrary book {{FSC|833962|title-id|disp=942 J2cr}}].<br>Colin R. Chapman, ''Using Education Records ''(Federation of Family History Societies, 1999) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622830 WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|833170|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J27c'}} (Ramsbottom, Lancashire : Federation of Family History Societies Publications, c1999)</ref><br>[Adapted from Anthony Camp's article 'Schools and their records: Part 2' in ''Practical Family History'' (UK), no. 68 (August 2003) pages 8-10.<br> | ||
'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:''' | '''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:''' | ||