African American Probate Records: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:48, 25 July 2024

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African American Genealogy

Probate Records

Introduction[edit | edit source]

For the most part, besides being counted as chattel on tax records, land deeds, and census slave schedules, African Americans were not counted as people until the 1870 census. Other records of interest would be church records, which notes people of color being allowed or dispelled from the church, etc., but they were not always given a surname. Sometimes they were noted by their first name and "as belonging to 'X' slaveholder." Therefore, African American researchers are very dependent upon getting information from the slaveholding family's documentation.

LaBrenda Garrett-Nelson, Gleaning Information About Enslaved Ancestors from Probate Files NGS Magazine 48 #3 (April-June 2022): 23-27. FS Library 973 D25ngs v.48 no.2

Resources for Marriage, Census, and Cemetery Data[edit | edit source]

http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mo/topic/afro-amer/Document.html

The following site provides an example of what Church Records can show:

http://www.missouri-slave-data.org/mtnebo.html

Wills[edit | edit source]

Public Auction notices for enslaved persons can be found in probate records.

Documentation of names of African Americans mentioned in the 1790-1865 wills of white slaveholders in Liberty County, Georgia.

They Had Names

Many people in conducting research in their families run across information related to enslaved individuals. It is painful, embarrassing, and confusing all at once. It is my hope that when anyone runs across Missouri data that they would post it to my website at:

http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mo/topic/afro-amer/indexusg.html

Missouri State Archives[edit | edit source]

http://mosl.sos.state.mo.us/rec-man/arch.html

Roll-by-roll listing County Record on microfilm by county:

http://mosl.sos.state.mo.us/rec-man/archives/resources/county/croll.html

Description of Records on Film

http://mosl.sos.state.mo.us/rec-man/archives/resources/county/croll2.html#Probate

For African American researchers, the items below are of interest. If a family enslaved individuals, records of purchase, sale, rent, mortgage, gift, lawsuits, etc., can be found under the various listings related to probate. Of particular interest are books and other resources that transcribe or are abstracts of Wills, Administrations, and Probate. The following websites are helpful.

FRANKLIN COUNTY BLACK MARRIAGES

http://www.missouri-slave-data.org/franklincomar.htm

WASHINGTON COUNTY BLACK MARRIAGES

http://www.missouri-slave-data.org/wasmarriage2.html

Land Deed Records[edit | edit source]

Final Settlement and Inventory Records

These records show the final disposition of an estate, including who the enslaved persons in a household were sold to or given to and for how much. Land Deed records are equally important. Tax records will note how many people a slaveholder had enslaved.

Registers of Enslaved Persons, Registers of Freedmen, and Manumission Papers. By the time of start of the Civil War in 1861, about ten percent of African Americans were free. Most free African Americans carried their own papers, but these could be stolen. In order to distinguish between the enslaved, runaways, and free African Americans, many counties or states in the upper South, and border states kept one or more sets of registers or papers. Some had registers of enslaved persons. Some kept registers of Blacks, Freedmen, Free Men of Color, or "free Negroes." Some kept copies of manumission papers of people freed from slavery. To find these kinds of registers or papers look in county courthouse records. They are most likely found in the court papers, among the land and property deeds, or occasionally in probate or tax records. Sometimes these kinds of records are found at state libraries, archives, or historical societies.

Websites[edit | edit source]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ===Introduction===
-For the most part, besides being counted as chattel on tax, land deed, and slave schedules, African Americans were not counted as people until the 1870 census. Other records of interest would be church records, which notes people of color being allowed or dispelled from the church, etc., but they are not always given a surname. Sometimes they are noted by their first name and "as belonging to "X" slaveowner." Therefore, African American researchers are very dependent upon getting information from the slaveowning family's documentation.
+For the most part, besides being counted as chattel on tax records, land deeds, and census slave schedules, African Americans were not counted as people until the 1870 census. Other records of interest would be church records, which notes people of color being allowed or dispelled from the church, etc., but they were not always given a surname. Sometimes they were noted by their first name and "as belonging to 'X' slaveholder." Therefore, African American researchers are very dependent upon getting information from the slaveholding family's documentation.
 * LaBrenda Garrett-Nelson, ''Gleaning Information About Enslaved Ancestors from Probate Files'' NGS Magazine 48 #3 (April-June 2022): 23-27. FS Library 973 D25ngs v.48 no.2
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ===Wills===
-Public Auction notices for slaves can be found in probate records.
+Public Auction notices for enslaved persons can be found in probate records.
 Documentation of names of African Americans mentioned in the 1790-1865 wills of white slaveholders in Liberty County, Georgia.
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 *[https://theyhadnames.net/ They Had Names]
-Many people in conducting research in their families run across slave related information. It is both painful, embarrassing and confusing all at once. It is my hope that when anyone runs across Missouri slave-related data that they would post it to my website at:
+Many people in conducting research in their families run across information related to enslaved individuals. It is painful, embarrassing, and confusing all at once. It is my hope that when anyone runs across Missouri data that they would post it to my website at:
 *http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mo/topic/afro-amer/indexusg.html
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 *http://mosl.sos.state.mo.us/rec-man/archives/resources/county/croll2.html#Probate
-For African American researchers; the items below are of interest. If a family owned slaves, records of purchase, sale, rent, mortgage, gift, lawsuits, etc., can be found under the various listings related to probate. Of particular interests are books and other resources that transcribe or are abstracts of Wills, Administrations, and Probate. The following websites are helpful.
+For African American researchers, the items below are of interest. If a family enslaved individuals, records of purchase, sale, rent, mortgage, gift, lawsuits, etc., can be found under the various listings related to probate. Of particular interest are books and other resources that transcribe or are abstracts of Wills, Administrations, and Probate. The following websites are helpful.
 FRANKLIN COUNTY BLACK MARRIAGES
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 '''Final Settlement and Inventory Records'''
-These records show the final disposition of an estate, including who the slaves in the family were sold to or given to and for how much. Land Deed records are equally important. Tax records will note how many slaves a person owned.
+These records show the final disposition of an estate, including who the enslaved persons in a household were sold to or given to and for how much. Land Deed records are equally important. Tax records will note how many people a slaveholder had enslaved.
-'''Registers of Slaves, Registers of Freedmen, and Manumission Papers.''' By the time of start of the Civil War in 1861 about ten percent of African Americans were free. Most free African Americans carried their own papers, but these could be stolen. In order to distinguish between slaves, runaways, and free African Americans, many counties or states in the upper South, and border states kept one or more sets of registers or papers. Some had registers of slaves. Some kept registers of blacks, freedmen, "free men of color," or "free negroes." Some kept copies of manumission papers of people freed from enslavement. To find these kinds of registers or papers look in county courthouse records. They are most likely found in the court papers, or among the land and property deeds, or occasionally in probate records, or even with taxation records. Sometimes these kinds of records are found at state libraries, archives, or historical societies.
+'''Registers of Enslaved Persons, Registers of Freedmen, and Manumission Papers.''' By the time of start of the Civil War in 1861, about ten percent of African Americans were free. Most free African Americans carried their own papers, but these could be stolen. In order to distinguish between the enslaved, runaways, and free African Americans, many counties or states in the upper South, and border states kept one or more sets of registers or papers. Some had registers of enslaved persons. Some kept registers of Blacks, Freedmen, Free Men of Color, or "free Negroes." Some kept copies of manumission papers of people freed from slavery. To find these kinds of registers or papers look in county courthouse records. They are most likely found in the court papers, among the land and property deeds, or occasionally in probate or tax records. Sometimes these kinds of records are found at state libraries, archives, or historical societies.
 ===Websites===