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There are over 100 minority languages spoken across Russia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Russia#:~:text=several%20other%20officially%20recognized%20languages 35 languages are considered official] in various regions of Russia. | There are over 100 minority languages spoken across Russia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Russia#:~:text=several%20other%20officially%20recognized%20languages 35 languages are considered official] in various regions of Russia. | ||
[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russia_Languages#:~:text=Further%20Information%20on%20Russian%20Language | [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russia_Languages#:~:text=Further%20Information%20on%20Russian%20Language ''Additional Information on the Russian Language''] | ||
Most records used in Russian research are written in Russian. Some knowledge of Russian is useful to understand Russian records. Reading Russian script in archived records can be very difficult since the old Russian script is unlike modern Russian. | Most records used in Russian research are written in Russian. Some knowledge of Russian is useful to understand Russian records. Reading Russian script in archived records can be very difficult since the old Russian script is unlike modern Russian. | ||
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* ''Russian phrasebook & dictionary.'' Carlton, Victoria: Lonely Planet Global Limited, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1052782570 WorldCat]. | * ''Russian phrasebook & dictionary.'' Carlton, Victoria: Lonely Planet Global Limited, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1052782570 WorldCat]. | ||
* Fanthorpe, Helen. ''Russian phrase book & dictionary.'' New York: Berlitz Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1079337911 WorldCat]. | * Fanthorpe, Helen. ''Russian phrase book & dictionary.'' New York: Berlitz Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1079337911 WorldCat]. | ||
* Awde, Nicholas and Muhammad Galaev. ''Chechen-English English-Chechen : dictionary and phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/36456750 WorldCat]. | |||
* Pavlyshyn, Marko. ''Ukrainian phrasebook & dictionary.'' Footscray: Lonely Planet, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/870426349 WorldCat]. | * Pavlyshyn, Marko. ''Ukrainian phrasebook & dictionary.'' Footscray: Lonely Planet, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/870426349 WorldCat]. | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/russian.php#:~:text=Useful%20Russian%20phrases Useful Russian phrases] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/russian.php#:~:text=Useful%20Russian%20phrases Useful Russian phrases] - Omniglot | ||
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* [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russia_Languages#:~:text=Russian%20Language%20Alphabetical%20Order%20and%20Spelling Russian Alphabetical Order and Spelling] | * [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russia_Languages#:~:text=Russian%20Language%20Alphabetical%20Order%20and%20Spelling Russian Alphabetical Order and Spelling] | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Russian%20alphabet Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Russian%20alphabet Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Cursive%20Russian%20alphabet Cursive Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | ** [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Cursive%20Russian%20alphabet Cursive Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Older%20versions%20of%20the%20Russian%20alphabet Older versions of the Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | ** [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Older%20versions%20of%20the%20Russian%20alphabet Older versions of the Russian alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Russian%20alphabet%20(pre-1750) Russian alphabet (pre-1750)] - Omniglot | ** [https://omniglot.com/writing/russian.htm#:~:text=Russian%20alphabet%20(pre-1750) Russian alphabet (pre-1750)] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/chechen.htm#:~:text=Arabic%20alphabet%20for%20Chechen Arabic alphabet for Chechen] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/chechen.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Chechen%20(1925%20version) Latin alphabet for Chechen (1925 version)] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/chechen.htm#:~:text=Cyrilic%20alphabet%20for%20Chechen Cyrilic alphabet for Chechen] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/chechen.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Chechen%20(1992%20version) Latin alphabet for Chechen (1992 version)] - Omniglot | |||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm#:~:text=Runic%20alphabet%20for%20Bashkir Runic alphabet for Bashkir] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm#:~:text=Arabic%20alphabet%20for%20Bashkir Arabic alphabet for Bashkir] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm#:~:text=Cyrillic%20alphabet%20for%20Bashkir Cyrillic alphabet for Bashkir] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20Bashkir Latin alphabet for Bashkir] - Omniglot | |||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Arabic%20alphabet%20for%20Tatar Arabic alphabet for Tatar] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Arabic%20alphabet%20for%20Tatar Arabic alphabet for Tatar] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Cyrillic%20alphabet%20for%20Tatar Cyrillic alphabet for Tatar] - Omniglot | ** [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Cyrillic%20alphabet%20for%20Tatar Cyrillic alphabet for Tatar] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Modern%20Alphabet Modern Tatar Alphabet] - Omniglot | ** [https://omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm#:~:text=Modern%20Alphabet Modern Tatar Alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/ukrainian.htm#:~:text=Ukrainian%20alphabet Ukrainian alphabet] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/writing/ukrainian.htm#:~:text=Ukrainian%20alphabet Ukrainian alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/chuvash.htm#:~:text=Chuvash%20alphabet%20(%D1%87%D3%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%20%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D3%97)%20-%20Cyrillic Chuvash alphabet - Cyrillic] - Omniglot | |||
** [https://omniglot.com/writing/chuvash.htm#:~:text=Chuvash%20alphabet%20(Latin) Chuvash alphabet (Latin)] - Omniglot | |||
'''Pronunciation''' | '''Pronunciation''' | ||
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* ''Oxford essential Russian dictionary : Russian-English, English-Russian.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/502676920 WorldCat]. | * ''Oxford essential Russian dictionary : Russian-English, English-Russian.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/502676920 WorldCat]. | ||
* ''Russian dictionary.'' Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1063682719 WorldCat]. | * ''Russian dictionary.'' Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1063682719 WorldCat]. | ||
* Nichols, Johanna and A. D. Vagapov. ''Chechen-English and English-Chechen dictionary.'' London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/54280016 WorldCat]. | |||
* Kaĭbysheva, T. I︠U︡. ''Russian-Bashkir-Turkish-English dictionary.'' Ufa: Bashkirskai︠a︡ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡, 2002. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/58402843 WorldCat]. | |||
* Хасанов, М.А. and M.A. Khasanov. ''English-Bashkir-Russian dictionary.'' Ufa: Китап, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/373167605 WorldCat]. | |||
* Garifullin, S. F. ''English-Tatar dictionary.'' Kazan: Magarif, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/232358582 WorldCat]. | * Garifullin, S. F. ''English-Tatar dictionary.'' Kazan: Magarif, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/232358582 WorldCat]. | ||
* Shevchuk, Yuri. ''Ukrainian-English collocation dictionary.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc, 2022. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1355541036 WorldCat]. | * Shevchuk, Yuri. ''Ukrainian-English collocation dictionary.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc, 2022. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1355541036 WorldCat]. | ||
* Parker, Philip M. ''Webster's Ukrainian (Latin script)-English thesaurus dictionary.'' San Diego, CA: ICON, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/227183576 WorldCat]. | * Parker, Philip M. ''Webster's Ukrainian (Latin script)-English thesaurus dictionary.'' San Diego, CA: ICON, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/227183576 WorldCat]. | ||
* Mikhaĭlova, Luiza Valentinovna, V. N. Shashkov, and Vladislav Vladimirovich Shashkov. ''Concise English-Russian-Chuvash dictionary.'' Cheboksarskiĭ filial, Cheboxary: Chuvashskiĭ gos. universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova, 1998. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/57630967 WorldCat]. | |||
* Shashkov, V. N. ''Russian-Chuvash-English dictionary.'' Cheboksary: Chuvashskoe kn. izd-vo, 2006. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/154310864 WorldCat]. | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | '''Online Dictionaries''' | ||