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| === Handwriting ===
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| Handwriting styles have changed over time. In early records, the handwriting is quite different from what it is today. Visit [[Scotland Handwriting|Scotland Handwriting]] in Research Topics.
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| === Abbreviations ===
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| Abbreviations are common in early handwriting. When recorders left letters out of a word, they indicated the fact by using various marks, such as a period, a colon, a tail on the last letter of the word, a curvy line over the word, or a raised letter at the end of the word. Abbreviations can be indicated in many ways, and it is important to study individual writers to see how they made abbreviations.
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| In Scottish church records, ministers often used only the first letter of the words, for example:
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| L.S. = lawful son
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| L.D. = lawful daughter
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| N.S. = natural son
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| N.D. = natural daughter
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| ch. = child
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| Ch. N. = child named
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| N. = named
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| Instead of writing the words father, mother, witness, son, or daughter, the minister may have used f, m, w, s, or other letters.
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| ===Yogh===
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| Yogh (ȝogh) is an old letter which may be encountered when looking at some very old documents. It resembles the number 3 or a cursive Z. This represents a "y" sound.
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| Later the yogh was turned into Y. It ended up fossilised as a Z in some words and names. McKenzie and Menzies, for example would have originally been written with a yogh, i.e. McKenȝie and Menȝies.
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| === Dates === | | === Dates === |