German History: Difference between revisions

German History (view source)

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 Below are some key dates and events in German history:
-'''1517:&nbsp;''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany.
+'''1517: ''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany.
-'''1524:&nbsp;'''Protestant church records begin in Nürnberg.
+'''1524: '''Protestant church records begin in Nürnberg.
-'''1563:&nbsp;''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records.
+'''1563: ''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records.
-'''1583:&nbsp;''' Catholic areas begin using the Gregorian calendar.
+'''1583: ''' Catholic areas begin using the Gregorian calendar.
-'''1618:&nbsp;'''Thirty Years' War. Many records are burned.
+'''1618: '''Thirty Years' War. Many records are burned.
-'''1622:&nbsp;'''The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war.
+'''1622: '''The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war.
-'''1648:''' Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War.&nbsp; Many borders are shifted.<br>
+'''1648:''' Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War.  Many borders are shifted.<br>
-'''1683:&nbsp;''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States is founded at Germantown, Pennsylvania.
+'''1683: ''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States is founded at Germantown, Pennsylvania.
 '''1700'''<nowiki>: The last German Protestant areas finally switch to the Gregorian calendar.</nowiki>
-'''1709:&nbsp;''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines [Pfälzer], leave the Pfalz region of Germany for England and America.
+'''1709: ''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines [Pfälzer], leave the Pfalz region of Germany for England and America.
-'''1722:&nbsp;''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire.
+'''1722: ''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire.
 '''1742:''' Prussia (Preußen) annexes Silesia (Schlesien).<br>
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 '''1795:''' Third Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes most of the rest of today's Poland, incl. Warsaw, Bialystok and parts of Lithuania.<br>
-'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe.&nbsp; Civil registration introduced in parts of Germany held by France.&nbsp; Jews treated as citizens, encouraged to adopt fixed surnames.'''<br>'''<nowiki />
+'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe.  Civil registration introduced in parts of Germany held by France.  Jews treated as citizens, encouraged to adopt fixed surnames.'''<br>'''<nowiki />
-'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design.&nbsp; "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany.&nbsp; Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories from Partitions.<br>
+'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design.  "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany.  Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories from Partitions.<br>
-'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews.&nbsp; Surname adoption mandatory.&nbsp; Jewish vital records kept by local governments.<br>
+'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews.  Surname adoption mandatory.  Jewish vital records kept by local governments.<br>
-'''1814:&nbsp;''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of Preußen.
+'''1814: ''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of Preußen.
 '''1815:''' Congress of Vienna effectively sets most of Europe's national boundaries for the next century.<br>
-'''1828:&nbsp;'''Patronymic naming is abolished in Schleswig-Holstein (then part of Denmark).
+'''1828: '''Patronymic naming is abolished in Schleswig-Holstein (then part of Denmark).
 '''1833:''' Prussia offers citizenship to some of Posen's Jews.<br>
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 '''1866:''' War with Austria for unification. Bismarck didn't want to include Austria in his unification of Germany's tiny states.
-'''1871:'''Franco-Prussian War ends. Elsaß-Lothringen comes under German rule.&nbsp; German Empire established as a single nation state.<br>
+'''1871:'''Franco-Prussian War ends. Elsaß-Lothringen comes under German rule.  German Empire established as a single nation state.<br>
 '''1874:'''Preußen introduces civil registration.
-'''1876:&nbsp;'''Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect.
+'''1876: '''Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect.
 '''1914''': World War I begins.
-'''1918:'''World War I ends.&nbsp; Elsaß-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) is returned to France. Northern Schleswig-Holstein returned to Denmark. Posen and parts of Schlesien and Westpreußen are ceded to Poland. Northern tip of Ostpreußen goes to Lithuania.
+'''1918:'''World War I ends.  Elsaß-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) is returned to France. Northern Schleswig-Holstein returned to Denmark. Posen and parts of Schlesien and Westpreußen are ceded to Poland. Northern tip of Ostpreußen goes to Lithuania.
-'''1939:&nbsp;''' World War II begins.
+'''1939: ''' World War II begins.
-'''1945:''' World War II ends.&nbsp; Ostpreußen divided between Poland and Russia. All other German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line ceded to Poland: Hinterpommern, Westpreußen, Neumark region of Brandenburg and Schlesien come under Polish administration.
+'''1945:''' World War II ends.  Ostpreußen divided between Poland and Russia. All other German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line ceded to Poland: Hinterpommern, Westpreußen, Neumark region of Brandenburg and Schlesien come under Polish administration.
 The FamilySearch Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for Germany. You can find histories in the FamilySearch Catalog under:
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 === Calendar Changes  ===
-The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since A.D. 46. Leap years were miscalculated in the Julian calendar, so&nbsp;that by 1582 the calendar was ten days behind the solar year.
+The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since A.D. 46. Leap years were miscalculated in the Julian calendar, so that by 1582 the calendar was ten days behind the solar year.
 In 1582 Germany was a collection of small principalities, duchies, city-states, and feudal estates. The new calendar was officially adopted by the Catholic dioceses and states in Germany between 1582 and 1585, but many Protestant states did not accept the new calendar until the 1600s. As a result, there were two different dating systems used in various areas of Germany throughout this time period. In some cases, Catholic and Protestant congregations in the same city may have used different calendars at the same time.