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The most significant sources of genealogical research in Russia and Poland are birth, marriage, and death records. Imperial Russia entrusted the keeping of such records to the churches, which recorded christenings, births, deaths, and burials. In Russia the Orthodox church was required to keep records by imperial decree in 1722; Roman Catholics were required in 1826, Muslims in 1828, Lutherans and other Protestants in 1832, and Jews in 1835. The decree required that a copy of the record be kept locally and a copy (transcript) be sent to the consistory office (called civil transcripts). Most of the German colonies had already been keeping records before the decree. However, these registers and transcripts were not always consistently maintained. Austria required civil transcripts of vital records starting in 1784. Catholics were responsible for recording people of other faiths until the 1820s. Some helpful books include: | The most significant sources of genealogical research in Russia and Poland are birth, marriage, and death records. Imperial Russia entrusted the keeping of such records to the churches, which recorded christenings, births, deaths, and burials. In Russia the Orthodox church was required to keep records by imperial decree in 1722; Roman Catholics were required in 1826, Muslims in 1828, Lutherans and other Protestants in 1832, and Jews in 1835. The decree required that a copy of the record be kept locally and a copy (transcript) be sent to the consistory office (called civil transcripts). Most of the German colonies had already been keeping records before the decree. However, these registers and transcripts were not always consistently maintained. Austria required civil transcripts of vital records starting in 1784. Catholics were responsible for recording people of other faiths until the 1820s. Some helpful books include: | ||
*Keller, Conrad. ''The German Colonies in South Russia, 1804-1904''. A. Becker, trans. Saskatoon, Canada: Western Producer, 1968-1973. ( | *Keller, Conrad. ''The German Colonies in South Russia, 1804-1904''. A. Becker, trans. Saskatoon, Canada: Western Producer, 1968-1973. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/203481 947.7 F2k] | ||
*Brendle, Johannes. ''Aus deutschen Kolonien in Kutschurganer Gebier'' [From the German Colonies in the Kuchurgan district] Stuttgart: Ausland und Heimat Verlags-Aktiengesellschaft, 1930. | *Brendle, Johannes. ''Aus deutschen Kolonien in Kutschurganer Gebier'' [From the German Colonies in the Kuchurgan district] Stuttgart: Ausland und Heimat Verlags-Aktiengesellschaft, 1930. | ||
*Unruh, Benjamin Heinrich. ''Die niederlandisch-Niederdeutschen Hintergrunde der Mennonitischen Oswanderungen im 16, 17, und 19. Jahrhunder'' [The Netherlands-Low German background of the Mennonite Migration to the East in the 16th, 18th, and 19th centuries]. Karlsruhe: Self-published, 1955. | *Unruh, Benjamin Heinrich. ''Die niederlandisch-Niederdeutschen Hintergrunde der Mennonitischen Oswanderungen im 16, 17, und 19. Jahrhunder'' [The Netherlands-Low German background of the Mennonite Migration to the East in the 16th, 18th, and 19th centuries]. Karlsruhe: Self-published, 1955. | ||
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=== How to Access the Records === | === How to Access the Records === | ||
==== Online Records ==== | ==== Online Records ==== | ||
Some church and civil registration records are available at the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search Family History Library]. The | Some church and civil registration records are available at the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search Family History Library]. The FS Library has microfilm copies of church records and their civil transcripts from German communities in all areas of Poland. Records have also been acquired from areas in former Galicia, Austria, and what is now Poland and Ukraine. Privacy restrictions have prevented the microfilming of records more recent than the late 1800s. Most of the church records in the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog] have been digitized and are available on the website. The records can be found by searching for: | ||
POLAND, [PROVINCE], [TOWN]. The records will be under the "Church records" heading. Some civil registration records from the Prussia area, beginning in 1874, are available on the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog], but they usually go no later than 1880. The records can be found by searching for POLAND, [PROVINCE], [TOWN]. The records will be under the "Civil registration" heading. The | POLAND, [PROVINCE], [TOWN]. The records will be under the "Church records" heading. Some civil registration records from the Prussia area, beginning in 1874, are available on the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog], but they usually go no later than 1880. The records can be found by searching for POLAND, [PROVINCE], [TOWN]. The records will be under the "Civil registration" heading. The FS Library has also acquired many church records from archives in Russia (including St. Petersburg) and Ukraine. Additionally, there are a few records from Bessarabia and Volhynia in the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog]. Most have been digitized and are available online. If the records needed have no been microfilmed yet, information can still be obtained through writing to, visiting, or hiring a researcher to visit the record repositories in Poland and Russia. | ||
==== Original Records ==== | ==== Original Records ==== | ||
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== Gazetteers == | == Gazetteers == | ||
A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary with information on place names and jurisdictions. The following is a list of some of the best gazetteers of Eastern Europe. Some of these gazetteers are available in public libraries, but all can be found at the Family History Library. | A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary with information on place names and jurisdictions. The following is a list of some of the best gazetteers of Eastern Europe. Some of these gazetteers are available in public libraries, but all can be found at the Family History Library. | ||
*Uetrecht, E., comp. ''Meyers Orts- und Verkehrs- Lexikon des Deutschen Reichs'' [Meyer's gazetteer and directory of the German Empire]. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1912. ( | *Uetrecht, E., comp. ''Meyers Orts- und Verkehrs- Lexikon des Deutschen Reichs'' [Meyer's gazetteer and directory of the German Empire]. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1912. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/325694 943 E5mo supp. 1]) - digital copy available online. | ||
::Towns are listed alphabetically. Written in old Gothic script. Gives 1871-1918 political jurisdictions and indicates whether locality had its own parish or synagogue. Abbreviations: Evangelical parish - EvPfk; Catholic parish - KPfk; Jewish synagogue - Syn. | ::Towns are listed alphabetically. Written in old Gothic script. Gives 1871-1918 political jurisdictions and indicates whether locality had its own parish or synagogue. Abbreviations: Evangelical parish - EvPfk; Catholic parish - KPfk; Jewish synagogue - Syn. | ||
*''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preussen'' [Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Prussia]. Berlin: Verlag des Königlichen statistischen Landesamts, 1907-1909. ( | *''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preussen'' [Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Prussia]. Berlin: Verlag des Königlichen statistischen Landesamts, 1907-1909. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/14875 943 E5kp]) - digital copy available online. | ||
::Each volume has an index at the end listing in alphabetical order all localities in the province. In each index, there are two numbers given after each place-name. The first number refers to "Kreis" (district) to which the locality belonged. These numbers can be found at the top in the body of the book. The second number refers to the town. | ::Each volume has an index at the end listing in alphabetical order all localities in the province. In each index, there are two numbers given after each place-name. The first number refers to "Kreis" (district) to which the locality belonged. These numbers can be found at the top in the body of the book. The second number refers to the town. | ||
*Sulimierski, Filip, ed. ''Słownik geograficzny królestwa polskiego i innych krajów slowiańskich'' [Geographical dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries]. 15 Vol. Warsaw: Sulimierski i Walewski, 1880-1902. ( | *Sulimierski, Filip, ed. ''Słownik geograficzny królestwa polskiego i innych krajów slowiańskich'' [Geographical dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries]. 15 Vol. Warsaw: Sulimierski i Walewski, 1880-1902. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/88949 943.8 E5c]) - digital copy available online. | ||
*Gemeindelexikon der in Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder [Gazetteer of the crownlands and territories represented in the imperial council]. Vienna: K.K. Statistisches Zentralkommission, 1903-1908. Austrian Empire. ( | *Gemeindelexikon der in Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder [Gazetteer of the crownlands and territories represented in the imperial council]. Vienna: K.K. Statistisches Zentralkommission, 1903-1908. Austrian Empire. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/218291 943.6 E5g]) - digital copy available online. | ||
::Based on the 1900 census. The volume for each province is arranged by district with an index to both German and local place names. If you do not find the town on the page listed in the index check the footnotes. The parish or synagogue location is listed in the appendix (located between the main text and the index of each volume). The appendix is arranged alphabetically by district and sub-district. | ::Based on the 1900 census. The volume for each province is arranged by district with an index to both German and local place names. If you do not find the town on the page listed in the index check the footnotes. The parish or synagogue location is listed in the appendix (located between the main text and the index of each volume). The appendix is arranged alphabetically by district and sub-district. | ||
*''Spis Miejscowości Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej'' [Gazetteer of Polish People's Republic Localities]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa komunikacj i ła̧cznści, 1968. ( | *''Spis Miejscowości Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej'' [Gazetteer of Polish People's Republic Localities]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa komunikacj i ła̧cznści, 1968. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/147107 943.8 E5s]). Localities are listed alphabetically down the page in the first column. Township, district, province (voivodship), post office, railway station, and vital records office for the locality are listed in the successive columns to the right. | ||
*Bystrzycki, Tadeusz. ''Skorowidz miejscowości rzeczypospolitej polskiej'' [Listing of Localities of the Polish Republic]. Przemyśl: Wydawnictwa ksia̧znicy naukowej, 1934. ( | *Bystrzycki, Tadeusz. ''Skorowidz miejscowości rzeczypospolitej polskiej'' [Listing of Localities of the Polish Republic]. Przemyśl: Wydawnictwa ksia̧znicy naukowej, 1934. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/197347 943.8 E5sm]) - mostly digitized. | ||
::This is a gazetteer of the early republic of Poland as it existed from 1918 to 1939. This is the most accurate gazetteer available for that territory. It is arranged alphabetically with information in columns. Localities are listed alphabetically down the page in the first column. Township, district, province (voivodship), post office, railway station, bus station, local and regional courts, and Christian parish for the locality are listed in successive columns to the right. The nearest synagogue is not listed. | ::This is a gazetteer of the early republic of Poland as it existed from 1918 to 1939. This is the most accurate gazetteer available for that territory. It is arranged alphabetically with information in columns. Localities are listed alphabetically down the page in the first column. Township, district, province (voivodship), post office, railway station, bus station, local and regional courts, and Christian parish for the locality are listed in successive columns to the right. The nearest synagogue is not listed. | ||
*''Heimatbuch der Ostumsiedler Kalender'', 1955. Stuttgart: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Ostumsiedler. Published as "German Settlers in the Volga Region" - p. 147-161 of Armand Bauer's "Place Names of German Colonies in Russia and the Romanian Dobrudja" in ''German-Russian Settlements in the United States'' by Richard Sallet. Fargo, ND: North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, 1974. ( | *''Heimatbuch der Ostumsiedler Kalender'', 1955. Stuttgart: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Ostumsiedler. Published as "German Settlers in the Volga Region" - p. 147-161 of Armand Bauer's "Place Names of German Colonies in Russia and the Romanian Dobrudja" in ''German-Russian Settlements in the United States'' by Richard Sallet. Fargo, ND: North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, 1974. (FS Library call no. [httpsww.familysearch.org/search/catalog/15095 973 F2rs]). | ||
*''Übersicht über deutsche Siedlungen (Kolonien) und Einsiedlungen in ukrainische und polnische Dörfer : sowie Orte mit einer nicht bedeutenden deutschen Minderheit in Galizien von 1782 bis 1939'' Typescript by Ernst Hexel. Bonn-Bad Godenberg: np., 1980. ( | *''Übersicht über deutsche Siedlungen (Kolonien) und Einsiedlungen in ukrainische und polnische Dörfer : sowie Orte mit einer nicht bedeutenden deutschen Minderheit in Galizien von 1782 bis 1939'' Typescript by Ernst Hexel. Bonn-Bad Godenberg: np., 1980. (FS Library call no. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/141904 943.86 E5he]). | ||
*Kneifel, Eduard. ''Die evangelisch-augsburgischen Gemeinden in Polen 1555-1939''. Vierkirchen uber München: Selbstverlag, [1972?]. (FS Library fiche [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/181431 6000812]).<ref>Jensen, L. "Course: 3: Research in German Speaking Areas". 6-10 January 2003. ''Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy''.</ref> | *Kneifel, Eduard. ''Die evangelisch-augsburgischen Gemeinden in Polen 1555-1939''. Vierkirchen uber München: Selbstverlag, [1972?]. (FS Library fiche [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/181431 6000812]).<ref>Jensen, L. "Course: 3: Research in German Speaking Areas". 6-10 January 2003. ''Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy''.</ref> | ||
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