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Russia Historical Geography: Difference between revisions
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The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Although it contains a large share of the world's Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, and therefore has less population, economic activity, and physical variety per unit area than most countries, the great area south of these still accommodates a great variety of landscapes and climates. The mid-annual temperature is +5.5°C (42°F). ' | The Russian Federation stretches across much of the north of the supercontinent of Eurasia. Although it contains a large share of the world's Arctic and sub-Arctic areas, and therefore has less population, economic activity, and physical variety per unit area than most countries, the great area south of these still accommodates a great variety of landscapes and climates. The mid-annual temperature is +5.5°C (42°F). ' | ||
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Russia has an extensive coastline of over 37,000 kilometers (23,000 mi) along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, as well as more or less inland seas such as the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas. Some smaller bodies of water are part of the open oceans; the Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea are part of the Arctic, whereas the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan belong to the Pacific Ocean. | Russia has an extensive coastline of over 37,000 kilometers (23,000 mi) along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, as well as more or less inland seas such as the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas. Some smaller bodies of water are part of the open oceans; the Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea are part of the Arctic, whereas the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan belong to the Pacific Ocean. | ||
== Geographic | ==Localities== | ||
Imperial Russia was divided into states -'''gubernii'''. In 1708 Peter divided Russia into eight large gubernii. A county -'''uyezd''' was the subdivision of a guberniya. The statute of 1775 divided Russia into 40 gubernii (divided into an average of 10 districts). At the beginning of the 20th century there were 50 states in European Russia; not including Finland, Poland, and the Caucasus. Most of the provinces in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Far East corresponding to gubernii were called '''oblasti'''. In 1914, there were 78 gubernii and 20 oblasti. | |||
An '''uyezd''' was divided by district -'''volost''' and village -'''derevnya''' or '''selo'''. A selo usually had a church. In Russia today, an oblast is equivalent to a guberniya. There are more oblasti in modern Russia than there were gubernii in imperial Russia. Often, the records of several modern oblasti are found in the archive of a single oblast whose capital happened to be the capital of an imperial guberniya. A '''raion''' is the intermediate jurisdiction in modern Russia, taking the place of the uyezd and volost. | |||
== Geographic Terminology == | |||
'''Imperial terms'''<br>State of Province ― Губерния (Guberniya)<br>County ―Уездь (Uyezd)<br>District ―Волост (Volost)<br>City ―Город (Gorod)<br>Village with church ―Село (Selo)<br>Village without church ― Деревне (Derevne)<br>Place ―Место (Mesto)<br> | '''Imperial terms'''<br>State of Province ― Губерния (Guberniya)<br>County ―Уездь (Uyezd)<br>District ―Волост (Volost)<br>City ―Город (Gorod)<br>Village with church ―Село (Selo)<br>Village without church ― Деревне (Derevne)<br>Place ―Место (Mesto)<br> | ||