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* Members of the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church who followed the strict teachings of Jakob Ammann and broke from the Swiss Mennonites in the late 1600s. Many began migrating to America in 1720 and settled in eastern Pennsylvania. The "old order" followed strict practices that included severely plain dress and the shunning of electricity and telephones. After 1850 many "new-order" groups broke off to follow more modern practices. Today the largest old-order settlements are in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas.
* Members of the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church who followed the strict teachings of Jakob Ammann and broke from the Swiss Mennonites in the late 1600s. Many began migrating to America in 1720 and settled in eastern Pennsylvania. The "old order" followed strict practices that included severely plain dress and the shunning of electricity and telephones. After 1850 many "new-order" groups broke off to follow more modern practices. Today the largest old-order settlements are in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas.


Amish: Members of the Old Order Amish Mennonite Church who followed the strict teachings of Jakob Ammann and broke from the Swiss Mennonites in the late 1600s. Many began migrating to America in 1720 and settled in eastern Pennsylvania. The "old order" followed strict practices that included severely plain dress and the shunning of electricity and telephones. After 1850 many "new-order" groups broke off to follow more modern practices. Today the largest old-order settlements are in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas.
===== Amt, Denmark =====


Amt, Denmark: The Danish word for county.
* The Danish word for county.


Amtsgericht, Germany: A local court in Germany.
===== Amtsgericht, Germany =====


Anabaptist: A religious movement that developed in Zurich, Switzerland, during the 16th century under the influence of Huldrych Zwingli. The Anabaptists, whose name means "rebaptizer," believed that infant baptism was blasphemous because people could not be punished for sin until they had developed an awareness of good and evil. Hence, though it was illegal, many Anabaptists were baptized a second time as adults. Anabaptists also believed in a separation of church and state, opposed war, and refused to swear oaths. The Mennonite and Amish faiths developed from the Anabaptist movement.
* A local court in Germany.


Ancestor: An individual from whom one is descended.
===== Anabaptist =====


Ancestor passport, Germany: A type of record kept by many Germans during the Nazi era, starting in about 1937. It documents four generations of a person's family. The information was usually verified in civil registration records. The German word for this type of record is Ahnenpaß.
* A religious movement that developed in Zurich, Switzerland, during the 16th century under the influence of Huldrych Zwingli. The Anabaptists, whose name means "rebaptizer," believed that infant baptism was blasphemous because people could not be punished for sin until they had developed an awareness of good and evil. Hence, though it was illegal, many Anabaptists were baptized a second time as adults. Anabaptists also believed in a separation of church and state, opposed war, and refused to swear oaths. The Mennonite and Amish faiths developed from the Anabaptist movement.


Ancestral File™: A computer file containing names and often other vital information (such as date and place of birth, marriage, or death) of millions of individuals who have lived throughout the world. Names are organized into family groups and pedigrees. To allow for coordination of research, the file also lists names and addresses of those who contributed to the file. Ancestral File™ is part of FamilySearch®.
===== Ancestor =====


Ancestral File™ number: A number used to identify each record in Ancestral File.
* An individual from whom one is descended.


Andrea Leonardo Collection: A collection of research files about South Carolina families.
===== Ancestor passport, Germany =====


Anglican Church: A group of churches that are part of the Anglican Communion, which developed from the Church of England. The Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church in the United States are also members of the Anglican Communion. Anglican beliefs are based on the Nicene and Apostles' Creeds and follow the Book of Common Prayer, which outlines doctrine, discipline, and worship. National churches can revise the Book of Common Prayer to suit the needs of members in the country.
* A type of record kept by many Germans during the Nazi era, starting in about 1937. It documents four generations of a person's family. The information was usually verified in civil registration records. The German word for this type of record is Ahnenpaß.


Anglican Communion: An international group of loosely organized, self-governing churches whose doctrines and practices are based on the Church of England. The major churches in the communion are the Church of England, the Anglican Church of Canada, and the Episcopal Church in the United States.
===== Ancestral File™ =====


Anglo-American: An English-speaking person of European descent who is living in the United States.
* A computer file containing names and often other vital information (such as date and place of birth, marriage, or death) of millions of individuals who have lived throughout the world. Names are organized into family groups and pedigrees. To allow for coordination of research, the file also lists names and addresses of those who contributed to the file. Ancestral File™ is part of FamilySearch®.


Angola: A term used in Brazilian Catholic Church registers to describe an African from Angola. Racial classifications were often based on physical appearance or social status; therefore, they were not always accurate.
===== Ancestral File™ number =====


Anne Lea Nicholson Collection: A collection of documented family group records prepared by Anne Lea Nicholson. It is one of the first sources that should be checked for families from Gloucester, Salem, Burlington, Camden, and Cumberland counties in New Jersey and Philadelphia County in Pennsylvania.
* A number used to identify each record in Ancestral File.


Annual report: A report completed by stake, ward, branch, or mission clerks in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (The annual report from a branch may have been completed separately or as part of a mission report.) It lists the blessings, baptisms, confirmations, marriages, deaths, ordinations, missionary service, and divorces that occur in a stake, ward, branch, or mission during a given year. These reports were used from 1907 into the 1970s. In the United States and Canada, they were used until 1976. Also called Form E or Form 42FP.
===== Andrea Leonardo Collection =====


Annual return: A yearly report made by the administrator or executor of an estate to a probate court.
* A collection of research files about South Carolina families.


Annuals Index: One of two indexes that comprise the PERiodical Source Index (PERSI). The Annuals Index is a subject index to articles that appeared in genealogical periodicals published in 1986 or later. This index is also on microfiche at the Family History Library™ (FHL fiche 6016864).
===== Anglican Church =====


Anti-Burghers Church, Scotland: A church that formed out of the Secession Church in 1745. The Anti-Burghers believed that communion should be withheld from people who took the Burgess Oath, which contained a clause that the Anti-Burghers believed gave approval to the Established Church. In 1820 the Burghers and Anti-Burghers reunited.
* A group of churches that are part of the Anglican Communion, which developed from the Church of England. The Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church in the United States are also members of the Anglican Communion. Anglican beliefs are based on the Nicene and Apostles' Creeds and follow the Book of Common Prayer, which outlines doctrine, discipline, and worship. National churches can revise the Book of Common Prayer to suit the needs of members in the country.


Antirent movement, New York: A movement that began in 1839 when tenant farmers in New York revolted against the manorial (leasehold) system and the wealthy landowners who had inherited their land from ancestors who lived in the 1600s and 1700s. The tenant farmers had lived on the land for generations and felt that they rightfully owned it. Many farmers had not paid their rent for years, and in 1839 landowners tried to collect back rent. However, angry farmers, disguised as Native Americans, began terrorizing the landowners and county officials in Columbia and Delaware Counties. The farmers formed secret societies that became powerful enough to defeat any political party that opposed them. In 1846 the antirenters had the New York constitution amended in their favor, and the farms were handed over to the tenants in 1847, marking the end of the patroonship system in New York.
===== Anglican Communion =====


Appearance docket: A book containing minutes or abstracts of court appearances.
* An international group of loosely organized, self-governing churches whose doctrines and practices are based on the Church of England. The major churches in the communion are the Church of England, the Anglican Church of Canada, and the Episcopal Church in the United States.


Appellate jurisdiction: The authority of a court to review and revise decisions made by lower courts.
===== Anglo-American =====


Application, land: A formal, written request submitted by an individual seeking a land grant.
* An English-speaking person of European descent who is living in the United States.


Application, organization: A formal, written request to become a member of an organization.
===== Angola =====


Applications for Passage Warrants (Series L), Canada: A list of the names of immigrants in Ontario, Canada, whose passage was paid by sponsors.
* A term used in Brazilian Catholic Church registers to describe an African from Angola. Racial classifications were often based on physical appearance or social status; therefore, they were not always accurate.


Appointment to public office: The act of assigning, as opposed to electing, an individual to serve in a government position.
===== Anne Lea Nicholson Collection =====


Appraisal: The process of determining the value of property, such as a deceased individual’s estate or a document stating the value of property.
* A collection of documented family group records prepared by Anne Lea Nicholson. It is one of the first sources that should be checked for families from Gloucester, Salem, Burlington, Camden, and Cumberland counties in New Jersey and Philadelphia County in Pennsylvania.


Appraisement: The estimated value of property.
===== Annual report =====


Appraiser: An individual who determines the value of property. When determining the value of a deceased individual's estate, appraisers use an inventory to estimate the estate's value.
* A report completed by stake, ward, branch, or mission clerks in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (The annual report from a branch may have been completed separately or as part of a mission report.) It lists the blessings, baptisms, confirmations, marriages, deaths, ordinations, missionary service, and divorces that occur in a stake, ward, branch, or mission during a given year. These reports were used from 1907 into the 1970s. In the United States and Canada, they were used until 1976. Also called Form E or Form 42FP.


Apprentice: An individual, usually a child, who was legally bound to the master of a trade to work for the master and learn the trade. The master provided training, food, and lodging for the apprentice.
Annual return:  


Apprenticeship tax, Britain: A tax assessed on the money a master received for an apprenticeship indenture. This tax was assessed from 1710 to 1811. Apprentices put out by a parish or charity were exempt from the tax.
* A yearly report made by the administrator or executor of an estate to a probate court.


Archaic word: A word that is no longer used or that has a meaning that has changed substantially over time.
Annuals Index:
 
* One of two indexes that comprise the PERiodical Source Index (PERSI). The Annuals Index is a subject index to articles that appeared in genealogical periodicals published in 1986 or later. This index is also on microfiche at the Family History Library™ (FHL fiche 6016864).
 
Anti-Burghers Church, Scotland:
 
* A church that formed out of the Secession Church in 1745. The Anti-Burghers believed that communion should be withheld from people who took the Burgess Oath, which contained a clause that the Anti-Burghers believed gave approval to the Established Church. In 1820 the Burghers and Anti-Burghers reunited.
 
Antirent movement, New York:
 
* A movement that began in 1839 when tenant farmers in New York revolted against the manorial (leasehold) system and the wealthy landowners who had inherited their land from ancestors who lived in the 1600s and 1700s. The tenant farmers had lived on the land for generations and felt that they rightfully owned it. Many farmers had not paid their rent for years, and in 1839 landowners tried to collect back rent. However, angry farmers, disguised as Native Americans, began terrorizing the landowners and county officials in Columbia and Delaware Counties. The farmers formed secret societies that became powerful enough to defeat any political party that opposed them. In 1846 the antirenters had the New York constitution amended in their favor, and the farms were handed over to the tenants in 1847, marking the end of the patroonship system in New York.
 
===== Appearance docket =====
 
* A book containing minutes or abstracts of court appearances.
 
===== Appellate jurisdiction =====
 
* The authority of a court to review and revise decisions made by lower courts.
 
===== Application, land =====
 
* A formal, written request submitted by an individual seeking a land grant.
 
===== Application, organization =====
 
* A formal, written request to become a member of an organization.
 
===== Applications for Passage Warrants (Series L), Canada =====
 
* A list of the names of immigrants in Ontario, Canada, whose passage was paid by sponsors.
 
===== Appointment to public office =====
 
* The act of assigning, as opposed to electing, an individual to serve in a government position.
 
===== Appraisal =====
 
* The process of determining the value of property, such as a deceased individual’s estate or a document stating the value of property.
 
===== Appraisement =====
 
* The estimated value of property.
 
===== Appraiser =====
 
* An individual who determines the value of property. When determining the value of a deceased individual's estate, appraisers use an inventory to estimate the estate's value.
 
===== Apprentice =====
 
* An individual, usually a child, who was legally bound to the master of a trade to work for the master and learn the trade. The master provided training, food, and lodging for the apprentice.
 
===== Apprenticeship tax, Britain =====
 
* A tax assessed on the money a master received for an apprenticeship indenture. This tax was assessed from 1710 to 1811. Apprentices put out by a parish or charity were exempt from the tax.
 
===== Archaic word =====
 
* A word that is no longer used or that has a meaning that has changed substantially over time.


Archdeacon's court, Church of England: An English ecclesiastical court with jurisdiction over an archdeaconry. These courts frequently handled probates.
Archdeacon's court, Church of England: An English ecclesiastical court with jurisdiction over an archdeaconry. These courts frequently handled probates.


Archdeaconry: An ecclesiastical division within a diocese that is headed by an archdeacon. It may consist of one or more rural deaneries.
===== Archdeaconry =====
 
* An ecclesiastical division within a diocese that is headed by an archdeacon. It may consist of one or more rural deaneries.
 
===== Archive =====
 
* A place where institutions such as governments, businesses, and churches keep their records and official documents. Also used in the plural.
 
===== Archive Section of the Family Group Records Collection =====
 
* A portion of the Family Group Records Collection that contains five million family group records submitted by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints between 1942 and 1969. Information from these records has been added to the International Genealogical Index®.
 
===== Archives and Libraries, Family History Library Catalog™ =====
 
A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize information about other archives (places where institutions such as governments, businesses, and churches keep their records and official documents) and libraries (places that contains books, manuscripts, music, art, and other reference materials).
 
===== Archives départementales, France =====
 
* The French term for departmental archive. These archives collect records for a department of the French government. Departmental archives have most of the French records of genealogical value, including civil registration records, pre-1792 church records, census records, some notarial records, and military conscription records.


Archive: A place where institutions such as governments, businesses, and churches keep their records and official documents. Also used in the plural.
===== Arizona Territory, USA =====


Archive Section of the Family Group Records Collection: A portion of the Family Group Records Collection that contains five million family group records submitted by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints between 1942 and 1969. Information from these records has been added to the International Genealogical Index®.
* A territory organized in 1863 that comprised the present-day state of Arizona and part of Nevada. Many of the settlers in the area were from Confederate states, so in 1862 they applied to become a Confederate territory. The Confederate government sent troops to occupy New Mexico and Arizona and granted the request of the settlers. This action had little effect because Union forces defeated Confederate forces in New Mexico and Arizona. The United States Congress created the Arizona Territory in 1863 to retain control over the area.


Archives and Libraries, Family History Library Catalog™: A subject heading used in the Family History Library Catalog to categorize information about other archives (places where institutions such as governments, businesses, and churches keep their records and official documents) and libraries (places that contains books, manuscripts, music, art, and other reference materials).
===== Ark =====


Archives départementales, France: The French term for departmental archive. These archives collect records for a department of the French government. Departmental archives have most of the French records of genealogical value, including civil registration records, pre-1792 church records, census records, some notarial records, and military conscription records.
* One of the two ships that brought Catholic and Protestant English settlers to the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in 1634. The other ship was named the Dove. The settlers founded St. Mary's City. King Charles I had originally granted the Maryland region to George Calvert, who died before the king could sign the charter, so the king granted the charter to Calvert's son Cecelius. Cecelius, himself a Roman Catholic, believed in religious freedom and saw to it that law and policies were established to guarantee that right in Maryland.


Arizona Territory, USA: A territory organized in 1863 that comprised the present-day state of Arizona and part of Nevada. Many of the settlers in the area were from Confederate states, so in 1862 they applied to become a Confederate territory. The Confederate government sent troops to occupy New Mexico and Arizona and granted the request of the settlers. This action had little effect because Union forces defeated Confederate forces in New Mexico and Arizona. The United States Congress created the Arizona Territory in 1863 to retain control over the area.
Armiger:


Ark: One of the two ships that brought Catholic and Protestant English settlers to the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in 1634. The other ship was named the Dove. The settlers founded St. Mary's City. King Charles I had originally granted the Maryland region to George Calvert, who died before the king could sign the charter, so the king granted the charter to Calvert's son Cecelius. Cecelius, himself a Roman Catholic, believed in religious freedom and saw to it that law and policies were established to guarantee that right in Maryland.
* A person entitled to use a coat of arms.


Armiger: A person entitled to use a coat of arms.
Armorial:  


Armorial: An alphabetical list of people entitled to use a coat of arms. The armorial also describes the coat of arms. The term armorial can also refer to anything having to do with heraldry.
* An alphabetical list of people entitled to use a coat of arms. The armorial also describes the coat of arms. The term armorial can also refer to anything having to do with heraldry.


Army: The branch of a nation's armed forces that is trained to fight on land.
Army:  


Article, periodicals: A written work in a magazine or newspaper.
* The branch of a nation's armed forces that is trained to fight on land.


Artifact: An object. In terms of family history research, an artifact is an item that provides information about an ancestor’s life, such as tools, books, or jewelry.
Article, periodicals:  


Artificer: A mechanic in the British military who makes and repairs machinery.
* A written work in a magazine or newspaper.
 
Artifact:
 
* An object. In terms of family history research, an artifact is an item that provides information about an ancestor’s life, such as tools, books, or jewelry.
 
Artificer:  
 
* A mechanic in the British military who makes and repairs machinery.


As Enumerated, 1881 British Census: An index of the 1881 British census that is organized in the same order as the original census. It can help identify households and neighbors living on the same street.
As Enumerated, 1881 British Census: An index of the 1881 British census that is organized in the same order as the original census. It can help identify households and neighbors living on the same street.


ASCII: A type of data format for computers. ASCII contains a specified set of letters, numbers, characters, and spaces.
ASCII:  


Assembly of God: The largest Pentecostal religion in the world. Its official name is the General Council of the Assemblies of God. Pentecostalism grew out of the religious revival of the early 1900s. Its doctrines include the infallibility of the Bible, the fall and redemption of man, divine healing through prayer, baptism by immersion, eternal punishment for the unsaved, and the return of Christ to rule on earth. Pentecostals believe that every Christian should be filled with the Holy Spirit.
* A type of data format for computers. ASCII contains a specified set of letters, numbers, characters, and spaces.


Assessment roll: A list of property owners, the value of their property, and the amount in taxes each owner owes.
Assembly of God:  


Assistant surgeon, British: An officer in the British army who helps the surgeon (doctor).
* The largest Pentecostal religion in the world. Its official name is the General Council of the Assemblies of God. Pentecostalism grew out of the religious revival of the early 1900s. Its doctrines include the infallibility of the Bible, the fall and redemption of man, divine healing through prayer, baptism by immersion, eternal punishment for the unsaved, and the return of Christ to rule on earth. Pentecostals believe that every Christian should be filled with the Holy Spirit.


Assisted emigrant: Between 1815 and 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in their destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. After 1840, New Zealand and Australia offered money or land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigration.
Assessment roll:  


Assisted emigrants register: A record of people who applied for assistance to emigrate to a new country.
* A list of property owners, the value of their property, and the amount in taxes each owner owes.


Assize court, England: A court in England that deals with more serious criminal cases. It existed from the 1200s to 1971 and consisted of twelve judges appointed by the Crown.
Assistant surgeon, British:  


Association: An organization of people who have common interests or goals.
* An officer in the British army who helps the surgeon (doctor).


Association of Professional Genealogists: An organization for professional genealogists.
Assisted emigrant:  


Atlantic provinces, Canada: A grouping of Canadian provinces consisting of Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
* Between 1815 and 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in their destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. After 1840, New Zealand and Australia offered money or land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigration.
 
Assisted emigrants register:
 
* A record of people who applied for assistance to emigrate to a new country.
 
Assize court, England:
 
* A court in England that deals with more serious criminal cases. It existed from the 1200s to 1971 and consisted of twelve judges appointed by the Crown.
 
Association:
 
* An organization of people who have common interests or goals.
 
Association of Professional Genealogists:
 
* An organization for professional genealogists.
 
Atlantic provinces, Canada:  
 
* A grouping of Canadian provinces consisting of Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.


Atlas: A book or computerized collection of geographical maps and charts.
Atlas: A book or computerized collection of geographical maps and charts.


Audencia, New Mexico: A Spanish term referring to a Mexican court of appeal that handled civil and criminal court cases in what is not the state of New Mexico between 1598 and 1847.
Audencia, New Mexico:  
 
* A Spanish term referring to a Mexican court of appeal that handled civil and criminal court cases in what is not the state of New Mexico between 1598 and 1847.


Audiencia: A regional court that functioned under a Spanish viceroyalty. These courts had legal, financial, and administrative powers. They supervised local courts, applied Spanish law, and served to establish a legal tradition that has persisted in Hispanic America.
Audiencia: A regional court that functioned under a Spanish viceroyalty. These courts had legal, financial, and administrative powers. They supervised local courts, applied Spanish law, and served to establish a legal tradition that has persisted in Hispanic America.


Auditor's books: Books containing information about personal payments for provisions, sewing, nursing, and wagon use during the Revolutionary War. The records cover from 1784 to 1800.
Auditor's books:  
 
* Books containing information about personal payments for provisions, sewing, nursing, and wagon use during the Revolutionary War. The records cover from 1784 to 1800.
 
Aufgebote, Germany:


Aufgebote, Germany: A German word for marriage banns or proclamations.
* A German word for marriage banns or proclamations.


Author/Title Search: A type of search available in the microfiche version of the Family History Library Catalog™. Records are listed alphabetically by author and title. This search is not available in the computer version of the catalog.
Author/Title Search: A type of search available in the microfiche version of the Family History Library Catalog™. Records are listed alphabetically by author and title. This search is not available in the computer version of the catalog.
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