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Jewish Naming Customs. Before 1808 the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Poland usually used only a given name and the name of their father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. Jews in the Austrian territory of Galicia were required to adopt surnames in 1785. In 1808 Napoleon made a similar decree for all the Jews of his empire, including the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1844 Jews were again required to adopt surnames because of noncompliance. | Jewish Naming Customs. Before 1808 the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Poland usually used only a given name and the name of their father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. Jews in the Austrian territory of Galicia were required to adopt surnames in 1785. In 1808 Napoleon made a similar decree for all the Jews of his empire, including the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1844 Jews were again required to adopt surnames because of noncompliance. | ||
=== Language Effects on Polish Names === | === Language Effects on Polish Names === | ||
Polish genealogical records may be in Polish, Latin, Russian, or German. Your ancestor’s name could be in Latin on his birth record, Polish on his marriage record, and German on his death record. | Polish genealogical records may be in Polish, Latin, Russian, or German. Your ancestor’s name could be in Latin on his birth record, Polish on his marriage record, and German on his death record. | ||
Surnames or given names are often very different when translated into different languages. | Surnames or given names are often very different when translated into different languages. | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
| Latin | | Latin | ||
| German | | German | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Katarzyna | | Katarzyna | ||
| Catharina | | Catharina | ||
| Katharine | | Katharine | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Jan | | Jan | ||
| Joannes | | Joannes | ||
| Johann | | Johann | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Wojciech | | Wojciech | ||
| Adalbertus | | Adalbertus | ||
| Albrecht | | Albrecht | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Wawrzyniec | | Wawrzyniec | ||
| Laurentius | | Laurentius | ||
| Lorentz | | Lorentz | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Franciszek | | Franciszek | ||
| Franciscus | | Franciscus | ||
| Franz | | Franz | ||
|} | |} | ||
A book showing given names in 23 different European languages, including English, is: | A book showing given names in 23 different European languages, including English, is: | ||
Janowowa, Wanda, et al. ''Sł''''ownik imion''''' | Janowowa, Wanda, et al. ''Sł''''ownik imion'''''''' | ||
=== Grammatical Effects on Polish Names === | === Grammatical Effects on Polish Names === | ||