Norway Weights and Measurement: Difference between revisions

Nothing confuses our American school children quite as much as beginning arithmetic classes in weights and measure.  

<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1278105833042_412" />Anyone who has ever taught primary school, or helped a child with his lessons, know it does no good to explain why we have twelve inches in a foot or three feet in a yard; children are incredulous when told a mile is 5280 feet and so on.&nbsp; Any logic escapes them; the system simply requires memorization.  

The subject of switching to the metric system frequently is discussed in the United States.&nbsp; European countries such as Norway are often held up as examples of places where the weights and measures systems function smoothly with decimal units.  

However, Norway only adopted its metric system in 1875 and before that commerce operated on a plethora of weights and measures which sometimes varied from valley to valley and were far more complicated and confusing than the old English system we inherited.  

A barter economy requires standards established by a central authority in which it is essential that both parties agree about the exchange.&nbsp; Under a strong central govenment, the standards are enforced with effective penalties for transgressions; an administration without power to maintain an orderly system throughout a country and especially in remote areas,&nbsp; necessarily surrrenders its prerogatives to local government, and this was the case in Norway.  

A genealogist, local historian, or cook will be confronted with confusing terms if he uses material recorded or printed before the metric system was adopted in Norway.  

In the Middle Ages lengths were measured in the tomme, fod and alen.&nbsp; The tomme (thumb) and fod (foot) are self-expalantory.&nbsp; The alen was origianlly the distance measured from the elbow to the point of the&nbsp;thumb finger.&nbsp; Lare it came to be equal to two feet and 3/4 inches.&nbsp; Grain was measured in Mæler or (skjepper) and so on.&nbsp; The first ordinances in "modern" times for Norway and Demark came May 1, 1683; and January 10th, 1698, when it was decreed the fod was to be the same as the Rhineland fuss (foot) for linear measure, 1 pott equal to 1/21 of a cubic fod; and 1 handelspund equal to 1/62 of the weight of 1 cubic fod of fresh water.  

''On Julyl 24, 1824, Norway got a new system'', much more detailed than the earlier laws, in which 1 fod = 12 tomme; and 1 alen = 2 fodder; 1 mil = 18,000 alen; 1 rode = 5 alen;&nbsp;and 1 maal (mål) of land = 10,000 square fodder.&nbsp; One korn tønne (barrel of grain) was to be 41/2 cubic fodder or 8 skjepper.&nbsp;&nbsp;One tønne = 144 potter = 130.974 liter.&nbsp; And one fisketønne = 120 potter or 115.811 liter.&nbsp; A&nbsp; kanne had 2 potter each of which had 4 liter pel.&nbsp;&nbsp;In weights one&nbsp;pund had two mærker.&nbsp; One pund - 498.112 grams.&nbsp; One skippund = 20 lispund =&nbsp;320 pund.&nbsp; (A lispund = 16 pund).&nbsp; One&nbsp;vaag = 3 bismerpund (one bismerpund=12 pund).  

When&nbsp;the metric system was introduced there were some new words to&nbsp;learn:&nbsp; the meter was the basis for linear measurement,&nbsp;the liter for liquid and&nbsp;for dry, they are&nbsp;for areal, and the gram for mass or weight.&nbsp; But some of the old terms were retained and given metric equivalents.  

In Norway's barter economy, and in any economy in which the value of the currency fluctuated, the taxes were set in terms of what the gaard (or farm) produced so that if the taxes of one gaard with a lot of grazing land had its taxes listed &nbsp;as "one hud, two skinn" it meant that the&nbsp;tax was the value of one hud and two skinn when the taxes were due.&nbsp; Along the coast the taxes might be levied in the value of the fish, in the mountains, butter.&nbsp; In actuality the farmer usually did not deliver tanned hides, fish or butter to the official but rather the currency obtained from the sale of such.  

By comparing the tax of one farm with those of neighboring farms a relative size can be imagined.&nbsp;&nbsp;  

'''<u>Meaures in&nbsp;Old Norway&nbsp;</u>'''  

'''tønne(r) or tunne, or tønde''' - a barrel, cask or drum measuring about 4 bushels (for fish, grain, potoatoes, etc.).&nbsp; One tønne was equal to 4 kvart; in the 1600s one tønne of grain was 4 mæler equal to 16 fjerdinger equal to 72 kanner,&nbsp;about 144 liters, although a tønne of grain is sometimes listed as 139 liters and a tønne of fish 116 liters.  

<u>'''Areal Measure'''</u>''':'''  

'''tønne(r)''' - when used in the context of land measure about one acre.  

<u>'''Linear's Measure:'''</u>  

'''rote(r) or roder(r) -''' five alen.  

<u>'''Measure by weight:'''</u>  

'''centner''' - one hundred pund.  

<span />'''lest '''- the nautical weight of about 400 pounds or in dry measure 12 tønne. When used to weigh timeber it was about 5200 pounds.  

'''våg or vaag - '''the weight itself formerly used to balance scales or the arm of the scale.&nbsp; The våg was equal to bismerpund, 72 mærker, 18 kilograms or 39.5 pounds.  

<u>'''Hud and Skinn'''</u>  

[http://www.maritimt.net/arkforsk/norskem.htm Gamle norske måleenheter]  

[[Category:Norway]]