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*Between 1911 and 1915, a '''small group of Volhynian German farmers''' (36 families - more than 200 people) chose to move to '''Eastern Siberia''', making use of the resettlement subsidies of the government's Stolypin reform of 1906–1911. They settled in three villages '''(Pikhtinsk, Sredne-Pikhtinsk, and Dagnik)''' in what is today Zalarinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, where they became known as the "Bug Hollanders". Their descendants, many with German surnames, continue to live in the district into the 21st century.<ref name="history/"> | *Between 1911 and 1915, a '''small group of Volhynian German farmers''' (36 families - more than 200 people) chose to move to '''Eastern Siberia''', making use of the resettlement subsidies of the government's Stolypin reform of 1906–1911. They settled in three villages '''(Pikhtinsk, Sredne-Pikhtinsk, and Dagnik)''' in what is today Zalarinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, where they became known as the "Bug Hollanders". Their descendants, many with German surnames, continue to live in the district into the 21st century.<ref name="history/"> | ||
==Emigration From Ukraine== | |||
*In 1709, some political emigrants, primarily Cossacks, settled in '''Turkey and in Western Europe'''. In 1775, some more Cossacks emigrated to Dobruja in the Ottoman Empire (now in Romania). | |||
*In the second half of the 18th century, Ukrainians from the Transcarpathian Region formed agricultural settlements in the Kingdom of '''Hungary''', primarily in the '''Bačka and Syrmia''' regions (now in Serbia). | |||
*In time, Ukrainian settlements emerged in the '''major European capitals, including Vienna, Budapest, Rome and Warsaw'''. | |||
*In 1880, the Ukrainian diaspora consisted of approximately 1.2 million people, which represented approximately 4.6% of all Ukrainians, and was distributed as follows: | |||
**0.7 million in the European part of the Russian Empire | |||
**0.2 million in Austro-Hungary | |||
**0.1 million in the Asian part of the Russian Empire | |||
**0.1 million in the United States | |||
*In the last quarter of the 19th century, a massive emigration of Ukrainians '''from Austro-Hungary to the Americas''' and from the '''Russian Empire to the Urals and Asia (Siberia and Kazakhstan)''' occurred. | |||
*A secondary movement was the emigration under the auspices of the Austro-Hungarian government of 10,000 Ukrainians '''from Galicia to Bosnia'''. | |||
*Furthermore, due to Russian agitation, 15,000 Ukrainians left '''Galicia and Bukovina and settled in Russia'''. Most of these settlers later returned. | |||
*Finally in the Russian Empire, some Ukrainians from the '''Chełm and Podlaskie regions, as well as most of the Jews, emigrated to the Americas'''. | |||
*In the 1890s, Ukrainian agricultural settlers emigrated first to '''Brazil and Argentina'''. | |||
*However, the writings of Galician professor and nationalist Dr. Joseph Oleskiw were influential in redirecting that flow to Canada. He praised the United States as a place for wage labour, but stated that '''Canada was the best place for agricultural settlers to obtain free land'''. B | |||
*Before the start of the First World War, almost 500,000 Ukrainians emigrated to the Americas. This can be broken down by country as follows: | |||
**to the United States of America: almost 350,000 | |||
**to Canada: almost 100,000 | |||
***to Brazil and Argentina: almost 50,000 | |||
*Most of the emigrants to the Americas belonged to the '''Greek Catholic Church'''. | |||
*The First World War and the Russian Civil War led to the first massive political emigration, which strengthened the existing Ukrainian communities. Furthermore, some of these new emigrants formed Ukrainian communities in Western and Central Europe. Thus, new communities were created in '''Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Austria, Romania, and Yugoslavia.''' The largest communities were in '''Prague,Lviv, and Kraków'''. | |||
*In 1920–1921, Ukrainians left Western Ukraine to settle in the Americas and Western Europe. Most of the emigrates settled in '''Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, France, the UK and Belgium'''. T | |||
*The Ukrainian diaspora increased after 1945 due to a second wave of political emigrants. The 250,000 Ukrainians at first settled in '''Germany and Austria.''' In the latter half of the 1940s and early 1950s, these Ukrainians were resettled in many different countries creating new Ukrainian settlements in '''Australia, Venezuela''', and for a time being in '''Tunisia''', as well as re-enforcing previous settlements in the United States of America, Canada '''(primarily Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec)''', '''Brazil''' (specially in the South and Southeast regions), '''Argentina and Paraguay'''. | |||
*In Europe, there remained between 50,000 and 100,000 Ukrainians that settled in the '''United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands'''. | |||
*During the latter Soviet time, most of the Ukrainian contingent that was leaving the Ukrainian SSR for other areas of the Union settled in places with other migrants. | |||
**In Eastern Europe, the Ukrainian diaspora can be divided as follows: | |||
**In Poland: 200-300 thousand Ukrainians | |||
**In Czechoslovakia: 120-150 thousand Ukrainians | |||
**In Romania: 100-150 thousand Ukrainians | |||
**In Yugoslavia: 45-50 thousand Ukrainians. | |||
*After the independence of Ukraine, many Ukrainians have emigrated to '''Portugal, Spain, the Czech Republic, Russia, and Italy''' due to the uncertain economic and political situation at home. | |||
*Many Ukrainians live in '''Russia either along the Ukrainian border or in Siberia'''. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||