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Expanded section on Family Names
(Continuing to work on Surnames section.) |
(Expanded section on Family Names) |
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===Naming Patterns=== | ===Naming Patterns=== | ||
A specific naming pattern was very common in Norway and in other parts of Europe until about 1900. Although not always followed strictly, the following pattern may be helpful in researching family groups and determining the parents of the mother and father<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Seland, Per. ''[http://www.nagcnl.org/naming-patterns/ Naming Customs In Older And Newer Times.]'' Translation of a reprint from ''Genealogiska Föeninge. 1933-1983'', Stockholm, 1983.</ref><ref>Hadeland Lag of America. ''[https://www.hadelandlag.org/resources/resbasics.htm Hadeland Research Basics: Norwegian names and places, Hadeland research sources.]'' </ref> | A specific naming pattern was very common in Norway and in other parts of Europe until about 1900. Although not always followed strictly, the following pattern may be helpful in researching family groups and determining the parents of the mother and father:<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Seland, Per. ''[http://www.nagcnl.org/naming-patterns/ Naming Customs In Older And Newer Times.]'' Translation of a reprint from ''Genealogiska Föeninge. 1933-1983'', Stockholm, 1983.</ref><ref>Hadeland Lag of America. ''[https://www.hadelandlag.org/resources/resbasics.htm Hadeland Research Basics: Norwegian names and places, Hadeland research sources.]'' </ref> | ||
*If the couple were living on the husband’s family farm: | *If the couple were living on the husband’s family farm: | ||
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Four types of surnames were used from early on in Norway:<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.geni.com/projects/Introduksjon-til-Geni-norsk/3288 Geni.com, Introduksjon til Geni - norsk.]</ref> | Four types of surnames were used from early on in Norway:<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.geni.com/projects/Introduksjon-til-Geni-norsk/3288 Geni.com, Introduksjon til Geni - norsk.]</ref> | ||
* Patronymics | *Patronymics | ||
* Fixed Patronymics | *Fixed Patronymics | ||
* Family Names | *Family Names | ||
* Farm Names | *Farm Names | ||
Each will be discussed in the following sections. | Each will be discussed in the following sections. | ||
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===Fixed Patronymics=== | ===Fixed Patronymics=== | ||
Fixed Patronymic surnames look like regular patronymics however there are two distinct differences. Firstly, they did not change from generation to generation but instead remained the same. Secondly, they always had the -sen or -son suffix for both males and females. This type of surname was primarily found in cities and used by merchants, tradesmen, and | Fixed Patronymic surnames look like regular patronymics however there are two distinct differences. Firstly, they did not change from generation to generation but instead remained the same. Secondly, they always had the -sen or -son suffix for both males and females. This type of surname was primarily found in cities and used by merchants, tradesmen, and others of similar social class. | ||
Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the children of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090807610552 Niels Andersen and Elen Christina Iversdatter]. He is a “gesel” in Bergen and their three children, all daughters, are listed as Alida Andersen, Martha Malena Andersen, and Sophia Andrea Andersen. | Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the children of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090807610552 Niels Andersen and Elen Christina Iversdatter]. He is a “gesel” in Bergen and their three children, all daughters, are listed as Alida Andersen, Martha Malena Andersen, and Sophia Andrea Andersen. | ||
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Family name surnames are fixed surnames passed from a father to all his children that are not based on patronymics. Some families in the upper classes of Norwegian society adopted this type of surname as early as the 1600s.<ref name=":0" /> Some famous examples of family names are Collett, Leuch, Hagerup, and Wergeland. Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the family of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090806670611 Peter Collet and his wife Ellatine Bendiks]. He is an “Assessor i stifte retten” in Kristiansand and their two children as listed as Elisabeth Collet and Peter Collet. | Family name surnames are fixed surnames passed from a father to all his children that are not based on patronymics. Some families in the upper classes of Norwegian society adopted this type of surname as early as the 1600s.<ref name=":0" /> Some famous examples of family names are Collett, Leuch, Hagerup, and Wergeland. Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the family of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090806670611 Peter Collet and his wife Ellatine Bendiks]. He is an “Assessor i stifte retten” in Kristiansand and their two children as listed as Elisabeth Collet and Peter Collet. | ||
Centuries before 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, some people had already adopted the practice of using a permanent family name to be passed to successive generations. | In christening records, mothers who had family name surnames will often be seen recorded as, for example, [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/kb20050809020085 Elisabeth Kristine f. Schelderup] which stands for Elisabeth Kristine født Schelderup (Elisabeth Kristine born Schelderup). | ||
Centuries before 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, some people had already adopted the practice of using a permanent family name to be passed to successive generations. The 1923 law continued the previously established law that certain family names were protected and could only be adopted by individuals who could show proper inheritance of the name or by the unanimous consent of all others who bore the name.<ref>National Library of Norway, [https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008120304033 Lov om personnavn : tradisjon, liberalisering og forenkling : utredning fra en arbeidsgruppe oppnevnt av Justis- og politidepartementet ved brev 22. april 1999 : avgitt 20. desember 2000], page 71.</ref> | |||
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