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Australia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 18:06, 21 June 2021
, 21 June 2021→Assisted Immigrants
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====Bounty Immigrants==== | ====Bounty Immigrants==== | ||
The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by laborers and skilled migrants. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet_of_South_Australia First Fleet of South Australia, 1836], different from the First Fleet of 1788, began the organization of purposeful colonization by the South Australian Company. These colonist received financial incentives (bounties) to join the colony. <ref name="ICA"/> | The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by laborers and skilled migrants. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet_of_South_Australia First Fleet of South Australia, 1836], different from the First Fleet of 1788, began the organization of purposeful colonization by the South Australian Company. These colonist received financial incentives (bounties) to join the colony. <ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====Unassisted Immigrants==== | |||
*The '''Gold rush''' era, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of '''British and Irish settlers''', followed by smaller numbers of '''Germans and other Europeans, and Chinese'''. This Chinese were subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. | |||
====Assisted Immigrants==== | ====Assisted Immigrants==== | ||
*The government also found that if it wanted immigrants it had to '''subsidize migration'''. The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. | |||
*The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could be controlled by varying the subsidy. Before federation in 1901, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831. | |||
*The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military and civil servants. | |||
*After World War II, Australia launched a '''massive immigration program''', believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia must "populate or perish". Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia. | |||
*Over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the '''Assisted Passage Migration Scheme''', colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound Poms. | |||
The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the '''Netherlands and Italy'''. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions. | |||
*Under the '''White Australia Policy''', people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme. | |||
====Jewish Refugees==== | |||
5000 Jewish refugee families arrived from Germany in 1938. | |||
====Humanitarian Program==== | |||
Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program: Refugee-category visas for refugees under the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees], and '''Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)''' visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country. | |||
The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the conflicts in '''Syria and Iraq.''' | |||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||