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*'''Russian and Soviet''' immigration to Costa Rica occurred during the twentieth century. The arrivals hail in greatest numbers from '''Volga, Belarus (including people from Ukraine and the Baltic countries)''', coming as refugees after the First World War and the Cold War. A number of Costa Ricans studied in the Soviet Union through scholarships, and came back married to Russians, establishing families in Costa Rica. | *'''Russian and Soviet''' immigration to Costa Rica occurred during the twentieth century. The arrivals hail in greatest numbers from '''Volga, Belarus (including people from Ukraine and the Baltic countries)''', coming as refugees after the First World War and the Cold War. A number of Costa Ricans studied in the Soviet Union through scholarships, and came back married to Russians, establishing families in Costa Rica. | ||
*'''Spanish''' immigration began in the early sixteenth century, who soon after placed the native population of this region under Spanish control. After independence, the governors were interested in populating the territories with white workers, preferably imported from Europe. Banana cultivation and labor for the construction of the railway to the Atlantic attracted foreign capital. In the early twentieth century, many Spaniards used Costa Rica as a '''bridge to move to Panama''', attracted by the construction of the Panama Canal. The events in Catalonia in the same time period prompted many '''Catalans''' to migrate to Costa Rica, becoming in a few years a thriving and influential community in San José that persists today. Currently, Catalans make up the largest portion of Spaniards in Costa Rica. According to the 2009 census, there are currently 16,482 Spanish citizens in Costa Rica. | *'''Spanish''' immigration began in the early sixteenth century, who soon after placed the native population of this region under Spanish control. After independence, the governors were interested in populating the territories with white workers, preferably imported from Europe. Banana cultivation and labor for the construction of the railway to the Atlantic attracted foreign capital. In the early twentieth century, many Spaniards used Costa Rica as a '''bridge to move to Panama''', attracted by the construction of the Panama Canal. The events in Catalonia in the same time period prompted many '''Catalans''' to migrate to Costa Rica, becoming in a few years a thriving and influential community in San José that persists today. Currently, Catalans make up the largest portion of Spaniards in Costa Rica. According to the 2009 census, there are currently 16,482 Spanish citizens in Costa Rica. | ||
*'''Swiss''' people have immigrated to Costa Rica since the nineteenth century, and have been involved in the development of Costa Rican chocolate. | |||
*According to the census of 2012, there are about 3,886 '''Venezuelans''' in Costa Rica that live mainly in San José. Most of them have arrived as refugees from political problems in their country. This population increased significantly from 2015–2019, mostly due to the Venezuelan political and economical crisis. Nowadays there are about 15,000 Venezuelans in Costa Rica.<ref>"Immigration to Costa Rica", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Costa_Rica, accessed 2 June 2021.</ref> | |||
===Emigration=== | ===Emigration=== | ||