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*Gradually, dissatisfaction among the Muslim population, which lacked political and economic status under the colonial system, gave rise to demands for greater political autonomy and eventually independence from France. Tensions between the two population groups came to a head in 1954, when the first violent events of what was later called the Algerian War began. The war against French rule concluded in 1962, when Algeria gained complete independence. <ref>"Algeria", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria#French_colonization_(1830%E2%80%931962), accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | *Gradually, dissatisfaction among the Muslim population, which lacked political and economic status under the colonial system, gave rise to demands for greater political autonomy and eventually independence from France. Tensions between the two population groups came to a head in 1954, when the first violent events of what was later called the Algerian War began. The war against French rule concluded in 1962, when Algeria gained complete independence. <ref>"Algeria", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria#French_colonization_(1830%E2%80%931962), accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | ||
==Basque Diaspora== | |||
*The Basques are a people who live between the Bay of Biscay and the Pyrenees Mountains. They are currently to be found in France, in the so called "North Basque Country" or Pays Basques, and in Spain in the so called "South Basque Country" or Pais Vascos. There is also a considerable Basque Diaspora, particularly in Latin America and the USA. The Basque diaspora is the name given to describe people of Basque origin living outside their traditional homeland on the borders between Spain and France. Many Basques have left the Basque Country for other parts of the globe for economic and political reasons, with substantial populations in '''Colombia, Argentina and Chile with those of Basque ancestry in the hundreds of thousands; Peru, Venezuela, Guatemala and Uruguay (an estimated 5,000 to 50,000 descendants), Canada, and the United States'''. | |||
*People of Basque descent make up '''10% of Argentina's population''', and it was a major destination for Basques emigrating from both Spain and France in the 19th and 20th centuries. | |||
*The Basques arrived in '''Chile''' in the 18th century as merchants, and due to their hard work and entrepreneurship, rose to the top of the social scale and intermarried into the Chilean elites of Castilian descent. This union is the basis of the Chilean elite of today. Thousands of Basque refugees fleeing Spanish Civil War in 1939 also settled and have many descendants in the country. Population estimates of Basque-Chileans range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 27% (4,500,000). | |||
*'''Colombia''' was one of early focus of Basque immigration; it is estimated that at least 40% of the Coffee Axis and Antioquia's population have Basque origin (2,800,000 persons). Between 1640 and 1859, 18.9% of the residents of Colombia were of Basque origin, making it possible for demographers to predict that nowadays more than half of the country has this ancestry (25,000,000 persons). The Colombian department of Antioquia has been considered a major route of the Basque-Navarre immigration, mainly during the colonial era, when hundreds of Basques migrated to be linked to the Spanish colonization companies. | |||
*A notable percentage of '''Peruvian''' people have at least one Basque surname, with more than 6 million or 18% of the national population. They trace back their presence to colonial times. | |||
*It is estimated that up to 10% of '''Uruguay's''' population has at least one parent with a Basque surname. The first wave of Basque immigrants to Uruguay came from the '''French''' side of the Basque country beginning about 1824. | |||
*The first wave of Basque immigration to '''Venezuela''' consisted in Conquerors and Missionaries, during the Colonization of Venezuela. The second wave of Basque immigration started on 1939, as a result of the Spanish Civil War.[ | |||
===Cuba=== | ===Cuba=== | ||
====Cuba Background==== | ====Cuba Background==== | ||
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*Between 1818 and 1835, a third wave of immigration to Santiago de Cuba occurred, prompted by '''a royal order from the Spanish Crown''' intended to increase the proportion of whites in the Cuban population. | *Between 1818 and 1835, a third wave of immigration to Santiago de Cuba occurred, prompted by '''a royal order from the Spanish Crown''' intended to increase the proportion of whites in the Cuban population. | ||
*The fourth and final wave of French immigrants to Santiago de Cuba occurred between 1836 and 1868. In this period over '''2200 French settlers emigrated, most of them coming from the Atlantic coast of France'''. The local economy was strengthened while the immigrants were absorbed into traditional occupations. In 1851, a French-owned steamship line was inaugurated to improve communications between Santiago de Cuba and New York City.<ref>"French immigration to Cuba", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba, accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | *The fourth and final wave of French immigrants to Santiago de Cuba occurred between 1836 and 1868. In this period over '''2200 French settlers emigrated, most of them coming from the Atlantic coast of France'''. The local economy was strengthened while the immigrants were absorbed into traditional occupations. In 1851, a French-owned steamship line was inaugurated to improve communications between Santiago de Cuba and New York City.<ref>"French immigration to Cuba", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba, accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | ||
===Mexico=== | ===Mexico=== | ||
====Mexico Background==== | ====Mexico Background==== | ||